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. 2017 Nov 10;7:15276. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15479-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Confirmation of cytokine release by human pancreatic acini in response to exposure to TLCS. (a,c) Representative immunofluorescence (IF) images [scale bar 200 μ] indicating IL-6 and TNF-α after treatment with 500 μM TLCS for 3 hrs (a) from experiments using acinar tissue while (c) from experiments using isolated acini. Green fluorescence in the panels indicates amylase, while red fluorescence indicates IL-6 and TNF-α in the panels of second and third rows respectively. Yellow fluorescence in the merged images in the second row indicates co-localization of IL-6 with amylase implying the location of IL-6 within the acini. Linear red fluorescence around the basolateral surface of the acinar cells in the merged image of the third row indicates localization of TNF-α along the basolateral surface of acinar cells. (b) Histograms showing the quantitative representation of IL-6 and TNF-α positivity respectively, which was significantly higher than that of controls (p = 0.017 and 0.018 respectively) in acinar tissue. (d) Histograms showing the quantitative representation of IL-6 and TNF-α positivity respectively, which was significantly higher than that of controls (p = 0.004 and 0.003 respectively) in isolated acini. Histograms and error bars in (b) and (d) indicate mean standard error of mean (SEM) respectively.