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. 2017 Nov 10;7:15268. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15311-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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L1-deficient mice show deficits in positioning of cortical neurons and reduced number of Cajal-Retzius cells. (a) Nissl-staining of cerebral cortices from 6-day-old wild-type and L1-deficient (L1 ^−/y) littermates shows a cell-poor marginal zone (mz) followed by an intermediate zone (iz) and subventricular zone (svz). In contrast, the mz in the cerebral cortex of reeler mice contains by more neurons; scale bars: 100 µm. (b) Nissl staining combined with Golgi impregnation on cerebral cortical sections from 24-day-old wild-type and L1 ^−/y littermates in comparison to reeler mice of the same age (low magnification images are shown in the upper panels, scale bars: 50 µm; magnified areas are indicated by rectangles and presented in the lower panels, scale bars: 10 µm). (c) The left panels show cerebral cortical sections from wild-type, L1-deficient (L1 ^−/y) and reeler mice after immunostaining for Brn2 or Foxp2 (green) in combination with nuclear staining (DAPI, violet). White arrowheads show misplaced neurons; scale bars: 50 µm. The right panels show mean values + SEM for the numbers of Brn2- and Foxp2-positive cells in 16 cortical bins along the mz-svz axis analysing 12 sections of the same area from 4 animals per condition (***p < 0.0001; One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test; violet asterisks: differences between wild-type and reeler neurons; orange asterisks; differences between L1-deficient and wild-type neurons; blue asterisks: differences between reeler and L1-deficient neurons). (d) Immunostaining for Reelin (green) using antibody G10 revealed a reduced number of Cajal-Retzius cells in the mz of L1-deficient cortex when compared to wild-type littermates. Nuclear staining (DAPI, violet); scale bars: 100 µm. Mean values + SEM are shown for the numbers of Cajal-Retzius cells in the mz analysing 12 sections of the same area from 4 animals per condition (***p < 0.001; Student’s t-test).