Table 3.
Evaluation characteristics of unique completed studies (n=48). It refers to unique studies, counting studies resulting in multiple publications and excludes protocols, editorials, or commentaries.
| Study design and evaluation characteristics | Outcome | ||
| Randomized controlled trials (n=25) | |||
| Is the communication component the primary feature or a supplemental feature? (n) | Primary feature=17 | ||
| Supplemental feature=8 | |||
| Stage of studya, n | Development=0 | ||
| Feasibility and piloting=1 | |||
| Evaluation=24 | |||
| Implementation=0 | |||
| Type of results captured in each studyb, n | Acceptability=1 | ||
| Clinical=26 | |||
| Usability=2 | |||
| Feasibility=1 | |||
| Usage=7 | |||
| Sample size, median (IQR; range) | 104 (75.5-140; 15-415) | ||
| Study length of follow-up in months, median (IQR; range) | 8 (3-12; 1-20) | ||
| Nonrandomized studies (n=23) | |||
| Prospective cohort studies (n=9) | |||
| Is the communication component the primary feature or a supplemental feature? (n) | Primary feature=7 | ||
| Supplemental feature=2 | |||
| Stage of studya, n | Development=0 | ||
| Feasibility and piloting=7 | |||
| Evaluation=2 | |||
| Implementation=0 | |||
| Type of results captured in each studyb, n | Acceptability=2 | ||
| Clinical=6 | |||
| Experienced=3 | |||
| Feasibility=2 | |||
| Usability=4 | |||
| Usage=1 | |||
| Sample size, median (IQR; range) | 21 (15-30; 6-222) | ||
| Study length of follow-up in months, median (IQR; range) | 6 (3-6.5; 1-13) | ||
| Retrospective cohort studies (n=4) | |||
| Is the communication component the primary feature or a supplemental feature? (n) | Primary feature=1 | ||
| Supplemental feature=3 | |||
| Stage of studya, n | Development=0 | ||
| Feasibility and piloting=0 | |||
| Evaluation=1 | |||
| Implementation=3 | |||
| Type of results captured in each studyb, n | Clinical=2 | ||
| Usage=3 | |||
| Sample size, median (IQR; range) | 2603 (1750.75-5718.5; 157-14102) | ||
| Study length of follow-up in months, median (IQR; range) | 13.5 (10.5-17.25; 6-24) | ||
| Quasi-experimental/nonrandomized controlled trials (n=4) | |||
| Is the communication component the primary feature or a supplemental feature? (n) | Primary feature=4 | ||
| Supplemental feature=0 | |||
| Stage of studya, n | Development=0 | ||
| Feasibility and piloting=1 | |||
| Evaluation=3 | |||
| Implementation=0 | |||
| Type of results captured in each studyb, n | Acceptability=1 | ||
| Clinical=3 | |||
| Usage=1 | |||
| Sample size, median (IQR;range) | 141 (93.25-348.75;46-876) | ||
| Study length of follow-up in months, median (IQR; range) | 9 (6-14.5; 6-22) | ||
| Cross-sectional surveys (n=2) | |||
| Is the communication component the primary feature or a supplemental feature? (n) | Primary feature=2 | ||
| Supplemental feature=0 | |||
| Stage of studya, n | Development=0 | ||
| Feasibility and piloting=0 | |||
| Evaluation=0 | |||
| Implementation=2 | |||
| Type of results captured in each studyb, n | Acceptability=1 | ||
| Feasibility=1 | |||
| Usability=1 | |||
| Sample size, median (IQR; range) | 2327.5 (1236.25-3418.75; 145-4510) | ||
| Study length of follow-up in months, median (IQR;range) | N/Ae | ||
| Cost-effectiveness analyses (n=1) | |||
| Is the communication component the primary feature or a supplemental feature? (n) | Primary feature=1 | ||
| Supplemental feature=0 | |||
| Stage of studya, n | Feasibility and piloting=0 | ||
| Evaluation=0 | |||
| Implementation=1 | |||
| Development=0 | |||
| Type of results captured in each studyb, n | Costs or clinical=1 | ||
| Sample size, median (IQR; range) | 778 | ||
| Study length of follow-up in months, median (IQR; range) | 12 months | ||
| Qualitative studies (n=3) | |||
| Is the communication component the primary feature or a supplemental feature? (n) | Primary feature=2 | ||
| Supplemental feature=1 | |||
| Stage of studya, n | Development=0 | ||
| Feasibility and piloting=2 | |||
| Evaluation=0 | |||
| Implementation=1 | |||
| Type of results captured in each studyb, n | Experiencec=3 | ||
| Sample size–median (IQR; range) | 7 (4.5-23; 2-39) | ||
| Follow-up (yes), n | 2 | ||
| Study length of follow-up in months, median (IQR; range) | 3 (2-4; 1-5) | ||
aDefinitions according to 2008 MRC Framework for Evaluation of Complex Interventions. See coding framework for elaboration.
bAll types of results (outcomes) in a study are counted so that multiple outcomes may be counted from individual studies.
cThree studies captured qualitative results as secondary outcomes. Three studies were stand-alone qualitative studies.
dN/A: not applicable.