Table 2.

Summary of Cox regressions on socioeconomic factors and deaths due to renal disease in the United States.

	Model 1 (SES)		Model 2 (SES + behavioral risk factors)		Model 3 (SES + medical risk factors)		Model 4 (SES + behavioral and medical risk factors)
	HR (SE)	95% CI	HR (SE)	95% CI	HR (SE)	95% CI	HR (SE)	95% CI
Income	0.75 (0.07)	0.62–0.89	0.79 (0.07)*	0.66–0.96	0.75 (0.08)**	0.61–0.92	0.79 (0.09)*	0.62–0.99
Race (Blacks)	2.38 (1.11)#	0.93–6.07	1.99 (1.01)	0.71–5.55	1.52 (0.76)	0.56–4.16	1.81 (0.71)	0.82–4.00
Age	1.08 (0.01)	1.06–1.10	1.08 (0.01)***	1.06–1.10	1.07 (0.02)***	1.03–1.10	1.07 (0.01)***	1.05–1.10
Gender (women)	0.49 (0.34)	0.12–2.00	0.32 (0.27)	0.06–1.81	0.40 (0.29)	0.09–1.72	0.30 (0.21)#	0.07–1.26
Education (years)	0.76 (0.40)	0.26–2.21	0.54 (0.38)	0.13–2.23	0.56 (0.32)	0.18–1.77	0.51 (0.24)	0.19–1.33
Smoking	–	–	3.52 (2.26)#	0.96–12.86	–	–	3.66 (1.89)*	1.29–10.35
Drinking	–	–	0.10 (0.09)*	0.02–0.60	–	–	0.14 (0.08)**	0.04–0.47
Exercise	–	–	0.67 (0.16)#	0.41–1.07	–	–	0.73 (0.18)	0.44–1.21
Obesity	–	–	–	–	2.23 (1.40)	0.63–7.91	1.71 (0.85)	0.63–4.65
Hypertension	–	–	–	–	3.36 (1.63)*	1.27–8.91	2.94 (1.32)*	1.19–7.26
Diabetes	–	–	–	–	7.58 (4.33)***	2.40–23.95	6.55 (2.83)***	2.74–15.64

^#p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.00.1.

SES, socioeconomic status.