. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2017 May 11;105 Suppl:S10–S14. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.05.006

Table 4.

The Effect of Composite Scores (MPOWE) on Smoking Prevalence and Cigarette Consumption

	Smoking Prevalence	Cigarette Consumption
Composite Scores	−0.01^*	−0.03^*
	(−2.23)	(−2.08)
Year FE	Y	Y
Country FE	Y	Y

Marginal Effect	−0.002^*	−0.03^*
(S. E)	(0.001)	(0.015)
Elasticity	−0.007^*	−0.037
(S. E)	(0.003)	(0.031)

Number of Observations	224	274

Note: t-statistics in parentheses.

⁺

p<0.1,

p<0.05,

^**

p<0.01,

^***

p<0.001.

All regressions controlled for country-level GDP per capita, cigarette prices, population aged 15–64, and population aged 65 and over, time and country fixed effects. Standard errors were clustered at country level.