Table 3.
Comparative analysis of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential of thymol, carvacrol and citral against biofilm forming micro-organisms.
| MicroOrganisms (Strain) | Essential Oil Active Components (EO-ACs) (μg/ml) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thymol | Carvacrol | Citral | References | |||||||
| MIC | BIC | BEC | MIC | BIC | BEC | MIC | BIC | BEC | ||
| Stapylococcus aureus (6MEa, ATCC 6538b) | 300a | 600a | 2,500a | 100a | 600a | 2,500a | 500b | 500b | 1,000b | Nostro et al., 2007 |
| Stapylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984) | 600 | 1,250 | 5,000 | 300 | 1,250 | 5,000 | - | - | - | Nostro et al., 2007 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (OXA-48) | 200 | 200 | - | 125 | 125 | - | - | - | - | Raei et al., 2017 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GIM) | 800 | 800 | - | 250 | 500 | - | - | - | - | Raei et al., 2017 |
| Acetinobacter baumanni (SIM) | 200 | 400 | - | 62 | 250 | - | - | - | - | Raei et al., 2017 |
| Candida albicans (ATCC 66396d, 04d) | 100c | - | 300c | 97.6c | - | 292.8c | 148.62d | - | 594d | Dalleau et al., 2008 |
| Candida glabrata (IHEM 9556e, ATCC 2001f) | 200e | - | 1,250e | 195.2e | - | 1,250e | 128f | - | - | Dalleau et al., 2008 |
| Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) | 200 | - | 600 | 195.2 | - | 1,250 | 500 | - | 5,000 | Dalleau et al., 2008 |
| Cryptococcus neoformans (NCIM 3541) | 16 | 32 | 128 | 32 | 64 | 256 | 64 | 128 | 256 | This study |
| Cryptococcus laurentii (NCIM 3373) | 8 | 16 | 64 | 16 | 32 | 128 | 32 | 64 | 256 | This study |
Data values
a, b, c, d, e, f
corresponds to the tested strains; - not tested on the strain.