Table 1.

ASD participant characteristics (N = 76)

Variable
Age, mean (SD), years months	8 years 9 months (3 years 11 months)
Males, N (%)	55 (72.4%)
Language Testing, N (%)
Preschool Language Scales	19 (25.0%)
Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals 2	4 (5.3%)
Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals 4	38 (50%)
ASD Diagnostic Documentation, N (%)
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule	16 (21.1%)
Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised	32 (42.1%)
Diagnosis by physician, psychologist, and speech therapist (Arkansas State Standard)	20 (26.3%)
DSM diagnosis by physician with standardized, validated questionnaires & diagnosis confirmation by the Principal Investigator	56 (73.7%)
Regression, N (%)
Single Regression	13 (17.1%)
Multiple Regressions	32 (42.1%)
Comorbid Conditions (Parent Report), N (%)
Neurological	50 (65.8%)
General Health	44 (57.9%)
Allergic	41 (53.9%)
Psychiatric	40 (52.6%)
Gastrointestinal	32 (42.1%)
Immune	30 (39.5%)
Growth	17 (22.4%)
Endocrine	8 (10.5%)
Cardiovascular	7 (9.2%)
Genitourinary	3 (3.9%)
Comorbid Conditions (Medical Records), N (%)
Food Allergies/Intolerances	63 (82.9%)
Gross Motor Delay	45 (59.2%)
Chronic Constipation	42 (55.3%)
Fatigue/Exercise Intolerance	34 (44.7%)
Recurrent Infections (AAAAI Criteria)	28 (36.8%)
Epilepsy	22 (28.9%)
Hypogammaglobinemia	17 (22.4%)
Failure to Thrive	8 (10.5%)
Down Syndrome	3 (3.9%)
Tic Disorder	0 (0%)
Treatments, N (%)
Gastrointestinal Medications	47 (61.8%)
Mineral Supplements	35 (46.1%)
Melatonin	27 (35.5%)
Allergy/Asthma Medications	24 (31.6%)
Antiepileptic Medications	19 (25.0%)
Antimicrobial Medications	17 (22.4%)
Immunomodulatory Medications	17 (22.4%)
Other Psychotropic Medications	15 (19.7%)
Hormone Supplementation	7 (9.2%)
Stimulant	7 (9.2%)
Thyroid Supplementation	7 (9.2%)
Alpha-adrenergic agonists	6 (7.9%)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors	4 (5.3%)
Beta Blocker	2 (2.6%)
Anticholinergic	1 (1.3%)
Dietary Formula	1 (1.3%)