Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by acid suppression medication
| Proton-pump inhibitors (n = 2632) |
H2 receptor antagonists (n = 657) |
No acid-suppressive medications (n = 8201) |
P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (s.d.), years | 67.8 (15.4) | 66.9 (15.9) | 61.1 (19.2) | < 0.001 |
| Male, no. (%) | 1403 (53.3) | 368 (56.3) | 4796 (58.5) | < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity, no. (%) | ||||
| White | 2022 (76.8) | 496 (75.5) | 6054 (73.8) | < 0.001 |
| African American | 245 (9.3) | 61 (9.3) | 682 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 79 (3.0) | 19 (2.9) | 292 (3.6) | < 0.001 |
| Asian | 59 (2.2) | 14 (2.1) | 225 (2.7) | < 0.001 |
| Other | 52 (2.0) | 10 (1.52) | 244 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
| Unknown | 175 (6.7) | 57 (8.7) | 704 (8.6) | < 0.001 |
| Past medical history, no. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 1009 (38.4) | 253 (38.5) | 2749 (33.5) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 749 (28.5) | 184 (28.0) | 1671 (20.4) | < 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 623 (23.7) | 143 (21.8) | 1215 (14.8) | < 0.001 |
| Liver disease | 210 (8.0) | 36 (5.5) | 331 (4.0) | < 0.001 |
| Renal failure | 164 (6.2) | 41 (6.2) | 255 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
| Metastatic cancer | 158 (6.0) | 41 (6.2) | 382 (4.7) | 0.010 |
| Alcohol abuse | 120 (4.6) | 22 (3.4) | 555 (6.8) | < 0.001 |
| Psychoses | 95 (3.6) | 30 (4.6) | 330 (4.0) | 0.46 |
| Vital signs, mean (s.d.) | ||||
| Temperature, °C | 36.8 (0.59) | 36.8 (0.57) | 36.9 (0.60) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 119.8 (17.5) | 120.5 (16.6) | 120.1 (16.8) | 0.60 |
| Heart rate, /min | 75.4 (13.6) | 76.0 (13.1) | 76.1 (13.5) | 0.067 |
| Laboratory values on admission, mean (s.d.) | ||||
| Magnesium, mg/dl | 1.93 (0.41) | 1.93 (0.38) | 1.91 (0.40) | 0.24 |
| Calcium, mg/dl | 8.61 (0.83) | 8.65 (0.88) | 8.57 (0.87) | 0.004 |
| Phosphate, mg/dl | 3.68 (1.28) | 3.66 (1.14) | 3.58 (1.17) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.50 (1.52) | 1.34 (1.22) | 1.22 (1.20) | < 0.001 |
| Ratio of 24 h/baseline serum creatinine | 0.99 (0.31) | 1.06 (0.60) | 1.01 (0.34) | < 0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 153.1 (90.5) | 154.6 (92.8) | 152.2 (98.3) | 0.77 |
| Hematocrit, % | 33.6 (6.4) | 34.5 (6.3) | 35.5 (6.7) | < 0.001 |
| Diuretic use, no. (%) | 1034 (39.3) | 229 (34.9) | 2023 (24.7) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviation: H2, histamine-2.
a
P-values reflect across-group differences.