Table 2.

Agreement on Type and Amount of Beverages Consumed Between Middle-School Students’ (n = 25) Self-Report and Researchers’ Direct Observation

Beverage	% (N) Consumed in Observation	% (N) Consumed in Self Report	Kappa for Whether Beverage Consumed	Raw Agreement for Whether Beverage Consumed	Weighted Kappae for Amount of Beverage Consumed	Weighted Raw Agreemente for Amount of Beverage Consumed
All plain watera	28% (7)	36% (9)	0.82	92.0%	0.81	96.0%
Water from a free source at schoolb	28% (7)	36% (9)	0.82	92.0%	0.67	92.0%
Flavored water	4% (1)	12% (3)	0.47	92.0%	0.31	94.7%
Plain milk	20% (5)	28% (7)	0.78	92.0%	0.75	92.0%
Flavored milk	16% (4)	12% (3)	0.83	96.0%	0.75	94.7%
Soda	0% (0)	4% (1)	0.00	96.0%	0.00	96.0%
Other sugary or sweetened beveragesc	4% (1)	4% (1)	1.00	100.0%	0.79	98.7%
Other beverages	12% (3)	12% (3)	0.24	84.0%	0.45	92.0%
All sugar-sweetened beveragesd	8% (2)	20% (5)	0.52	88.0%	0.45	92.0%
Tap water from home	0% (0)	0% (0)	Incalculable*	100.0%	Incalculable*	100.0%
Plain bottled water	0% (0)	0% (0)	Incalculable*	100.0%	Incalculable*	100.0%
100% fruit juice	0% (0)	0% (0)	Incalculable*	100.0%	Incalculable*	100.0%
Sports drinks	0% (0)	0% (0)	Incalculable*	100.0%	Incalculable*	100.0%
Energy drinks	0% (0)	0% (0)	Incalculable*	100.0%	Incalculable*	100.0%
Diet drinks	0% (0)	0% (0)	Incalculable*	100.0%	Incalculable*	100.0%

^*Incalculable due to perfect agreement and no variation in responses.

^aIncludes water from a free source at school (fountain, dispenser, or water bottle filling station), tap water brought from home, and non-flavored bottled water.

^bIncludes water from a water fountain, dispenser, or water bottle filling station at school.

^cIncludes sweetened drinks such as fruit-flavored drinks (Capri Sun, Sunny Delight), sweetened coffee/tea, aguas frescas.

^dIncludes flavored water, sports drinks, energy drinks, soda, and other sugary or sweetened beverages.

^eWeighted kappa and weighted agreement use a linear weighting function.