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. 2017 Nov 13;8:1441. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01530-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Three aspects of functional diversity based on morphological forest traits of a circular area with a radius of 120 m. The three traits are foliage height diversity, plant area index and canopy height in relative units from 0 to 1. a The shaded volume is functional richness, b the distance from the surface of the shaded sphere is functional divergence and c the variation of segment length in the minimum spanning tree is functional evenness