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Treatment with EsA inhibited LPS-stimulated alteration of stress-, inflammation-, and HMGB1/TLR/NF-kB pathway-related factors in HK-2 cells. (A, B) The levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-6. (C–F) The expression levels of COX-2, iNOS, HMGB1, TLR4, Myd88, IκBα, p-p65, and nuclear p65 were evaluated by western blotting. NS, normal saline; LPS, lipopolysaccharide. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.
