Table 2.

Change in the outcome measures through the course of mechanical diagnosis and therapy for 1 month.

Outcome measures	Baseline (n = 45)	After 1 month (n = 45)	p-Value (95% CIs of the difference)	Hedges’ g
SMI-HeiQa,b	2.5 (0.5)	2.8 (0.5)	0.002 (0.1 to 0.3)	0.59
STA-HeiQa,b	2.2 (0.6)	2.8 (0.6)	<0.001 (0.4 to 0.7)	0.99
HDB-HeiQb	2.5 (0.8)	2.7 (0.7)	0.057 (0.0 to 0.5)	0.26
PAEL-HeiQb	2.9 (0.5)	3.1 (0.5)	0.007 (0.1 to 0.4)	0.40
ED-HeiQc	2.1 (0.6)	2.0 (0.6)	0.014 (−0.3 to 0.0)	0.17
CAA-HeiQb	2.9 (0.5)	3.1 (0.5)	0.007 (0.1 to 0.4)	0.40
SIS-HeiQb	2.8 (0.5)	3.0 (0.5)	0.002 (0.1 to 0.3)	0.40
HSN-HeiQb	1.9 (0.6)	2.6 (0.6)	<0.001 (0.4 to 0.9)	1.16
Physical function—SF36b	83.1 (19.5)	91.6 (9.7)	0.001 (−13.1 to −3.8)	0.55
Role physical—SF36b	80.0 (23.6)	90.8 (18.0)	0.001 (−17.1 to −4.5)	0.51
Bodily pain—SF36b	47.6 (19.8)	67.2 (24.1)	<0.001 (−26.5 to −12.6)	0.89
General health—SF36b	60.0 (15.2)	63.9 (14.0)	0.014 (−7.0 to −0.8)	0.26
Vitality—SF36b	58.2 (22.5)	67.4 (16.1)	0.002 (−14.9 to −3.4)	0.47
Social function—SF36b	81.7 (26.7)	90.8 (18.0)	0.007 (−15.7 to −2.6)	0.40
Role emotional—SF36b	81.1 (27.3)	91.3 (16.1)	0.002 (−16.5 to −3.8)	0.45
Metal health—SF36b	65.4 (14.0)	70.6 (10.4)	0.012 (−9.1 to −1.2)	0.42
P4c	17.7 (9.8)	8.3 (7.5)	<0.001 (−12.7 to −6.2)	1.07

CI: confidence interval; SMI: Self-monitoring and Insight; HeiQ: Health Education Impact Questionnaire; STA: Skill and Technique Acquisition; HDB: Health-Directed Behavior; PAEL: Positive and Active Engagement in Life; ED: Emotional Distress; CAA: Constructive Attitudes and Approaches; SIS: Social Integration and Support; HSN: Health Services Navigation; SF-36: Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2-week.

^aPrimary outcome measures.

^bA greater score indicates enhanced self-management skill.

^cA lower score indicates better emotional status.