Figure 2.

Pyruvate partially restores GLUT4 expression in the absence of Hi glucose and fully supports adiponectin expression. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were induced for differentiation and pulsed with Hi glucose, Lo glucose, 42 mm sodium pyruvate and 4 mm glucose (Pyr), 42 mm lactate and 4 mm glucose (Lac), or 42 mm sodium acetate and 4 mm glucose (Ac) and cultured in Lo glucose medium during the P and M phases of their cell culture. A, protein from whole-cell lysates of day 9 adipocytes were separated via SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted for GLUT4, adiponectin, and tubulin. B–D, mRNA isolated from day 9 adipocytes were analyzed via qRT-PCR for the relative expression of glut4, pparg, and ap2. 95% confidence intervals were used to determine statistical differences in immunoblot densitometry. One-way analysis of variance was used to identify significant differences (p < 0.05 for n = 3 independent experiments) in expression data. *, differences compared with Hi glucose cells; #, differences compared with Lo glucose cells.