IRAK4 kinase controls IRF5 but not NFKβ activation and translocation to the nucleus. ImageStream files of human PBMC were gated for single, focused cells and CD14+ monocytes, then analyzed for nuclear translocation using similarity score (SS). A, Brightfield, CD14, DAPI, IRF5, and NFκB images and overlays from samples with and without R848 stimulation, with and without IRAK4 inhibitor treatment. B, single parameter histogram overlays depicting the distribution of monocyte nuclear similarity scores with and without R848 stimulation, with and without IRAK4 inhibitor treatment. C, quantification of IRF5 and NFκB nuclear translocation by similarity score percent positive events. n = 4 human PBMC samples (mean ± S.E.; *, p < 0.0001). D, analysis of IRAK4 kinase inhibitor–mediated inhibition of IκB degradation by SCNP flow cytometry analysis in PBMC from n = 59 healthy human volunteer blood donors. L2DiffAF = log2(MFI-MFI AF), where MFI = mean fluorescence intensity and AF = autofluorescence (**, p < 2.2 × 10(−16)).