TABLE 3.

miRNAs regulated in obesity¹

miRNA	Up-/Downregulation	Functions	Target genes	References
Let-7	Down	Inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and adipogenesis	Hmga2, CDC34	115, 116
miR-8	Up	Promotes adipogenesis and antagonizes Wnt signaling	TCF	117
miR-14	Down	Inhibits adipogenesis and regulator of intracellular TG and diglyceride content	p38MAPK	117
miR-15a	Up	Reduces cell number but increases pre-adipocyte size	Dlk1	118
miR-17/92	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	Rb2/p130	119
miR-21	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	TGFBR2, Ap1	116, 120
miR-26	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	ADAM17	120
miR-27a/b	Down	Inhibits adipocyte differentiation	Pparγ, C/EBPα	116
miR-29	Up	Promotes adipogenesis and insulin resistance	Akt	117
miR-30a/d	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	RUNX2	120
miR-30c	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	PAI-1, ALK2	120
miR-31	Down	Inhibits adipogenesis	C/ebpα	116
miR-93	Up	Promotes fat mass and insulin resistance	Sirt7, TBX3	121
miR-103	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	PDK1, Wnt3a	116
miR-124	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	CREB	117
miR-125a-3p	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	RhoA	122
miR-125b-3p	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	MMP11	123
miR-130	Down	Inhibits adipogenesis	Pparγ	124
miR-132	Up	Promotes adipocyte differentiation	SIRT1	125
miR-138	Down	Inhibits adipocyte differentiation	EID-1	126
miR-141	Up	Promotes insulin resistance	YWHAG	127
miR-143	Down	Inhibits adipogenesis	Erk5, Mapk7	116, 120
miR-146b-5p	Down	Inhibits insulin signaling	Sirt1, IRAK1, TRAF6	128
miR-150	Down	Promotes adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance	Elk1, Etf1, Myb	129
miR-155	Down	Inhibits adipocyte differentiation and brown adipocyte-like phenotype	C/EBPβ	130
miR-181a	Up	Promotes adipocyte differentiation	Tnf-α	131
miR-193b	Up	Promotes adipocyte differentiation	RUNX1	132
miR-199	Up	Promotes adipocyte differentiation	LIF	133
miR-204	Up	Promotes adipocyte differentiation	Runx2	120
miR-210	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	TCF7L2	120
miR-211	Up	Promotes adipogenesis and blocks osteogenesis in MSCs	Runx2	117
miR-221/222	Down	Inhibits adipogenesis	CDKN1B	120
miR-223	Down	Inhibits insulin resistance and inflammation	Pknox1	134
miR-320	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	Runx2	120
miR-326	Down	Inhibits adipogenesis	C/ebpα	117
miR-335	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	RUNX2	120
miR-346	Up	Promotes adipocytes and differentiation	LIF	133
miR-369-5p	Down	Inhibits adipogenesis	FABP4	135
miR-375	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	Erk1/2	117
miR-378/378*	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	Ago2, Klf15, Fabp4, Fasn, Scd-1, Resistin	120
miR-448	Down	Inhibits adipogenesis	Klf5	120
miR-483-5p	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	ERK1	122
miR-519d	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	PPARγ	120
miR-637	Up	Promotes adipogenesis	OSTERIX	120

¹ADAM17, disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17; Ago2, argonaute 2; Akt, protein kinase B; ALK2, activin receptor-like kinase 2; Ap1, activator protein 1; C/EBP, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein; CDC34, cell division cycle 34; CDKN1B, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1b; CREB, cAMP responsive element binding protein; Dlk1, delta like noncanonical notch ligand 1; EID-1, e1a-like inhibitor of differentiation 1; Elk1, Ets-like transcription factor 1; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Etf1, electron transfer flavoprotein 1; FABP4, fatty acid–binding protein 4; Fasn, fatty acid synthase; Hmga2, high-mobility group AT-hook 2; IRAK1, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1; Klf, kruppel-like factor; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; miRNA, microRNA; MMP11, matrix metalloproteinase 11; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; Myb, myeloblastosis; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; Pknox1, PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 1; Rb2/p130, retinoblastoma-like protein 2; RhoA, ras homolog gene family; RUNX, runt-related transcription factor; Scd-1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1; SIRT, Sirtuin; TBX3, T-box transcription factor 3; TCF, T cell factor; TCF7L2, transcription factor 7-like 2; TGFBR2, TGF beta receptor 2; TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6; Wnt3a, wnt family member 3A; YWHAG, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase.