TABLE 6.

Nutritional modulation of miRNAs in obesity¹

Dietary component	miRNA	Up-/Downregulation	Cell type	Experimental conditions	Target genes	Functions	References
Epigallocatechin gallate	Let-7a	Up	HepG2 cells	100 μM, 24 h	K-RAS	Glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity	176
Grape extract with Resveratrol	miR-21	Up	Human blood sample	139 mg phenolics and 8 mg resveratrol/d, 1 y	TNFα, IL-1β	Inflammatory response	177
Cocoa proanthocyanidins and grape seed proanthocyanidins	miR-30b	Down	HepG2 cells	100 mg/L, 5 h	TGFβ, RELA, FADS2	Inflammation, NF-ҝB and PPAR signaling	178
Grape seed proanthocyanidins	miR-33	Down	FAO cells and mouse liver	25 mg/L, 1 h (in vitro), 250 mg/kg body weight (in vivo)	Abca1	Inflammatory response	179
Polyphenol extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa	miR-103	Up	Hyperlipidemic mice liver	28.6 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ d−1, 10 wk	Pank1	TG storage, acetyl-CoA metabolism	180
CLA	miR-107	Down	Mouse adipose tissue	3 or 10 mg/d, 37 d	C/ebpα, Cpt1b, Ucp2	FA metabolism	181
Polyphenol extract from H. sabdariffa	miR-107	Up	Liver of hyperlipidemic mice	28.6 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ d−1, 10 wk	Pank1	TG storage, acetyl-CoA metabolism	180
Coffee polyphenols	miR-122	Up	Hepa 1–6 cells and mouse liver	2.5 μg/mL, 24 h (in vitro), 0.5–1% for 2–15 wk (in vivo)	Srebp, Fasn	FA synthesis	182
Grape seed proanthocyanidins	miR-122	Down	FAO cells and mouse liver	25 mg/L, 1 h (in vitro), 28.6 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ d−1, 10 wk (in vivo)	Fasn	FA synthesis	183
Polyphenol extract from H. sabdariffa	miR-122	Up	Hyperlipidemic mice liver	28.6 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ d−1, 10 wk (in vivo)	Fasn, Srebp	FA synthesis	180
Quercetin	miR-122	Up	Mouse liver	2 mg/g diet, 6 wk	Aoah	Lipid metabolism	184
Quercetin	miR-125	Up	Mouse liver	2 mg/g diet, 6 wk	Aoah	Inflammation	184
Vitamin E–deficient diet	miR-125	Down	Rat liver	6 mo	Tnfα	Inflammation	185
Allyl-isothiocyanate	miR-155	Down	RAW 264.7 cells and mouse liver	1–10 μM, 6 h (in vitro), 15 mg/kg body weight, 7 d (in vivo)	Nrf2, p65	Inflammation	186
Grape extract with resveratrol	miR-155	Down	Human blood sample	139 mg phenolics and 8 mg resveratrol/d, 1 y	TNFα	Inflammation	177
1,25 (OH)2D3	miR-155	Down	RAW264.7 cells	20 nM, 24 h	NF-κB	Inflammation and innate immunity	187
Grape extract with resveratrol	miR-181	Up	Human blood sample	139 mg phenolics and 8 mg resveratrol/d, 1 y	TNFα, IL-1β	Inflammation	177
CLA	miR-222	Down	Mouse adipose tissue	3 or 10 mg/d, 37 d	Glut4, Pparγ, Fasn, Ucp2, Tnf-α	Adipogenesis	181
Western-type diet	miR-302a	Down	Mouse liver	LDL knockout mice, 2 wk	Abca1, Elovl6	FA utilization and insulin resistance	188
Fisetin	miR-378	Down	High-fat diet, 10 wk	0.05% w/w fisetin with 20% fat diet, 10 wk	Srebp-1, Scd1, Fasn, Nrf1	FA oxidation, lipogenesis	189
High-fat diet	miR-467b	Down	Mouse liver tissue	High-fat diet, 8 wk	Lpl	Insulin resistance	190

¹Abca1, ATP-binding cassette transporter 1; Aoah, acyloxyacyl hydrolase; C/ebpα, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α CLA, conjugated linoleic acid; Cpt1b, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b; Elovl6, elongation of very long chain fatty acid protein 6; FADS2, fatty acid desaturase 2; Fasn, fatty acid synthase; Glut4, glucose transporter type 4; K-RAS, kirsten rat sarcoma; Lpl, lipoprotein lipase; miRNA, microRNA; Nrf, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; Pank1, pantothenate kinase 1; RELA, v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A; Scd1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1; Srebp, sterol regulatory element-binding protein; Ucp2, uncoupling protein 2; 1,25 (OH)₂D₃, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.