FIGURE 5.

An overview of the current level of evidence of the association of low dietary intake or low blood concentration of various vitamins with risk for AD or cognitive dysfunction, brain pathology (e.g., brain atrophy, low glucose metabolism, and amyloid plaques), and DNA damage. Dark gray shading indicates substantial evidence, light gray shading indicates limited evidence, and no shading indicates insufficient or no evidence. AD, Alzheimer disease; Cog, cognitive function; conc., concentration.