Fig. 5.

Inhibitory effect of MMPP on amyloidogenesis and STAT3 translocation in astrocytes and microglia cells. The expression of APP, BACE1 and C99 was detected by Western blotting using specific antibodies in astrocytes (a) and microglia cells (b). Each blot is representative of three experiments. The activity of β-secretase was investigated using assay kit in astrocytes (c) and microglia cells (d). Values are presented as mean ± S.D. of the three independent experiments performed in triplicate. ^# p < 0.05 compared to control, *p < 0.05 compared to LPS. Iba-1, COX-2, and iNOS proteins were detected by Western blotting using specific antibodies in astrocytes (e) and microglia cells (f). NO level was measured in astrocytes (g) and microglia cells (h). Activation of STAT3 was investigated using EMSA in astrocytes (i) microglial cells (j) were determined and the expression of STAT3 and phopho-STAT3 was also detected by Western blotting using specific antibodies (k), (l). For the cropped images, samples were run in the same gels under same experimental conditions and processed in parallel. Each band is representative for three experiments