Table 1.
Clinical parameters and plasma levels of sRAGE and esRAGE in stroke patients with and without vascular dementia
| CDR ≦0.5 (n = 136) |
CDR ≧1 (n = 36) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.2 ± 6.9 | 75.4 ± 8.8 | 0.002 |
| Male, n | 90 (66.2) | 21 (58.3) | 0.435 |
| Interval between stroke and recruitment (months) | 80.2 ± 52.5 | 102.1 ± 56.3 | 0.031 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 61 (46.2) | 11 (30.5) | 0.061 |
| Hypertension | 111 (81.6) | 31 (86.1) | 0.776 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 75 (55.1) | 20 (55.5) | 0.704 |
| Smoking | 46 (33.8) | 17 (47.2) | 0.252 |
| CAD | 17 (12.5) | 5 (13.9) | 0.245 |
| AF | 12 (8.8) | 0 (0) | 0.070 |
| Carotid stenosis ≧ 50% | 20 (14.7) | 5 (13.9) | 1.000 |
| MRS | 1.29 ± 0.92 | 2.72 ± 1.09 | < 0.001 |
| MMSE | 25.7 ± 3.5 | 15.2 ± 5.6 | < 0.001 |
| MoCA | 19.8 ± 5.2 | 10.5 ± 6.8 | < 0.001 |
| sRAGE (ng/ml) | 1.03 ± 0.48 | 1.44 ± 1.29 | 0.003 |
| esRAGE (ng/ml) | 0.24 ± 0.13 | 0.39 ± 0.40 | < 0.001 |
CDR Clinical Dementia Ranking, CAD coronary artery disease, AF atrial fibrillation, MRS modified Rankin Scale, MMSE Mini–Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, sRAGE, soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products, esRAGE endogenous soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products