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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 13.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol In Vitro. 2016 Jul 30;36:133–141. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.020

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Observed total intensity and percentage changes in nicotine and its major metabolites involved in nicotine metabolism. Whereas, the major nicotine metabolism pathways in humans are shown in bold black arrow, while the minor pathways are in grey arrows. Changes in STAE treatment for 48 h are compared with STAE treatment for 2 min to account for physical absorption on the membrane and/or bacterial wall. *: p < 0.05, T2 vs C; ¥: p < 0.05, T1 vs T2. No significant changes were observed in total nicotine levels after 48 h incubation with the oral bacteria compared with 2 min incubation.