Table 2. Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival and disease-specific survival.

Variable		Analysis of OS			Analysis of disease-specific survival
		Univariate	Multivariate		Univariate	Multivariate
		p -Value	p -Value	HR (95% CI)	p -Value	p- Value	HR (95% CI)
Gender	Male	0.84	N/A	N/A	0.72	N/A	N/A
	Female
Age	≤65 y	0.04	0.27	1 (0.7–2.2)	0.03	0.56	1
	>65 y			1.34 (0.7–2.2)			1.2 (0.6–2.3)
Smoking status	Never	0.04	0.04	1 (1.0–3.1) 1.77 (1.0–3.1)	0.22	N/A	N/A
	Current/former
Alcohol consumption	Never	0.51	N/A	N/A	0.37	N/A	N/A
	Current/former
T classification	T3	0.22	N/A	N/A	0.38	N/A	N/A
	T4a
	T4b
N classification	N0	0.12	N/A	N/A	0.25	N/A	N/A
	N+
Site	Nasal cavity	0.03	0.009	1 (1.2–4.15)	0.02	0.02	1
	Paranasal sinuses			2.3 (1.2–4.15)			2.4 (1.13–4.9)
Treatment	Surgery	0.73	N/A	N/A	0.57	N/A	N/A
	Neoadj.& PORT
	Surgery + RT
	Surgery + CRT
Margin status	Negative	0.02	0.43	1 (0.7–2.1)	0.03	0.31	1
	Positive			1.24 (0.7–2.1)			1.4 (0.7–2.7)
Skull base invasion	Present	0.12	N/A	N/A	0.13	N/A	N/A
	Absent
Bone invasion	Present	0.01	N/A	N/A	0.43	N/A	N/A
	Absent
Ulceration	Present Absent	0.87	N/A	N/A	0.5	N/A	N/A
Mitosis	< 1 mm 2	0.65	N/A	N/A	0.73	N/A	N/A
	≥ 1 mm 2

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CRT, chemoradiation therapy; DSS, disease-specific survival; HR, hazard ratio; N/A, not available; Neoadj, neoadjuvant; OS, overall survival; RT, radiotherapy.