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. 2017 Sep 28;17:378–387. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.09.018

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© 2017 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — The influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and time since trauma (TST) on ratings of trauma odor intensity and odor-elicited PTSD symptoms. Ratings for burned rubber (BR) and lavender (LAV) were acquired on 100 mm visual analog scales (anchor points: 0 = not at all, 100 = extremely) for odor intensity and odor-elicited PTSD symptoms. ---- indicates mean perceived intensity piloted prior to the current study. Combat veterans with PTSD and more distant trauma (CV+PTSD with TST > 5 years) rated BR the most intense compared to the ratings of the other 3 groups. A trend also existed for CV+PTSD with TST > 5 years to rate more BR odor-elicited PTSD symptoms than CV-PTSD with TST > 5 years. Healthy combat veterans = CV-PTSD. * = group contrast with p < 0.05. ^ = group contrast with p < 0.1.