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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Oct 18;181:186–193. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.030

Table 1. Descriptive Statistics across Rural and Urban Samples.

Rural (N = 315) Urban (N = 455)

% or Mean % or Mean
Demographics:
Age (Mean) 41.8 40.7
Male 90.8% 82.5%
Past Year Homelessness 38.5% 78.2%
Marital Status
 Single 47.0% 61.8%
 Married/Cohabiting 22.2% 17.4%
 Divorced/Separated/Widowed 30.8% 20.9%
≥ High School Diploma 47.6% 45.5%
Years injecting drugs (Mean) 19.9 20.1
Substance Use (Weekly vs. Less Than Weekly Use):
Non-Injection:
Binge Drinking 21.6% 24.6%
Marijuana 32.2% 19.8%
Benzodiazepine 23.2% 16.5%
Crack Cocaine 11.5% 16.3%
Injection:
Cocaine 29.3% 26.4%
Heroin 35.6% 39.1%
Speedball 85.0% 90.3%
Injection Characteristics:
Shared used syringe in past year 33.7% 37.2%
Shared used cooker, cotton, or water in past year 60.0% 60.6%
Backloading in past year 34.2% 50.0%
Obtained sterile needle from service agency in past year 58.7% 71.4%