Table 4. Summary of Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence.

Intervention	Example	Evidence	Strength	Weakness
Education	-	RCT48	Most beneficial in addressing accidental non-adherence, which results from misunderstanding of the regimen requirements	Benefit is small as a standalone strategy
Behavioral intervention	Dose simplification	RCT51,52,53	- Easy to implement - No additional staff or equipment cost	Data on oral mesalazine therapy only; uncertain if the result could generalize to other treatment regimens
	Audiovisual reminder system	Meta-analysis of RCT54	- Easy to implement - Low costs	It is part of multifaceted intervention so it does not allow isolation of individual methods contributing to the benefit
Cognitive behavioral therapy	Problem-solving skill training	RCT55	Improve adherence and HRQOL in youth with IBD	Small sample size in the RCT limits generalizability
Multifaceted intervention	Education, behavioral modification, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, telemedicine	RCT56,57,58,59,60,62,63	Most beneficial in improving adherence	Different sample size, patient population, methods make it difficult to compare among studies; it does not allow isolation of individual methods contributing to the benefit

RCT, randomized controlled trial; HRQOL, health-related quality of life.