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. 2017 Nov 9;8:1900. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01900

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Copyright © 2017 Wan, Li, Lei, Yan, Ren, Chen, Dai, Jiang, Zhang, Guo, Chen and Liao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Lignin biosynthetic pathway. During early development, the hull of the pw mutant accumulates lignin earlier than that of the WT. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase; CCR, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; C3H, 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase; HCT, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; CCoAOMT, caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase; COMT, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase; F5H, ferulate-5-hydroxylase. Gene expression was scaled using the Z-score of FPKM (mean value of three biological replicates) in the heatmap. For each heatmap, the key is located at right side with FPKM values increasing from blue to red.