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. 2017 Nov 9;8:786. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00786

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Copyright © 2017 Zhang, Lu, Bi, Liang, Wang, Yang, Gu and Yu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Reduced IL-6, ROS, TNF-α, NF-κB, and MPO after VOA and BA treatment in blood and small intestinal tissue (n = 6). Increased (A) IL-6 and (B) ROS in blood after 5-FU. VOA and BA reduced inflammation. Increased (C) ROS, (D) TNF-α, (E) MPO, and (F) NF-κB in small intestinal tissue after 5-FU. VOA and BA reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Values are means, with their standard deviation represented by vertical bars. Values are means ± SD. ^∗ Significant difference compared to the controls. ^# Significant difference compared to the model and controls. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, and ^###p < 0.001.

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