FIGURE 6.

(A) Reduction of p38 MAPK expression by VOA and BA in small intestinal tissue after 5-FU treatment, n = 6. 5-FU increased the p38 MAPK expression compared to the controls. GLB, VOA, and BA reduced p38 MAPK (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001). (B) Reduction of elevated caspase-3 by VOA and BA in small intestinal tissue after 5-FU treatment, n = 6. In the histogram, the data of the horizontal coordinates that were more than 10¹ were counted and were used as original data to draw the bar chart. Histogram of data from 5-FU shows significantly increased caspase-3 expression compared to the controls. VOA or BA reduced caspase-3 (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). Values are means ± SD. ^∗ Significant difference compared to the controls. ^# Significant difference compared to the model and controls. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, and ^###p < 0.001.