Fish |
Billfish, butterfly mackerel |
No BAT, no thermogenic function of UCP1.
Heater organ- release of sequestered Ca2+ from the SR via ryanodine receptors. SERCA1a pumps it back into the organelle, leading to Ca2+ cycling and heat production.
|
Block, 1994; Jastroch et al., 2005
|
Amphibia |
NA |
|
|
Reptilia |
Potentially tegu lizards |
No BAT, no thermogenic function of UCP1.
Tegu lizards maintain a Tb of 5–6°C above ambient during the reproductive season and even during the colder night hours, when an increase of Tb via basking is not possible.
|
Tattersall et al., 2016
|
Birds |
Several species |
|
Dumonteil et al., 1995
|
Mammals |
Monotremata |
Anecdotal evidence for echidnas |
No BAT, no evidence for thermogenic UCP1;
Speculations about alternative rewarming mechanism from torpid states.
|
e.g., Grigg et al., 1992, 2004; Nicol et al., 1992
|
Marsupialia |
NA |
|
e.g., Nicol et al., 1992; Grigg et al., 2004
|
Placentalia |
Found in rodents, lagomorpha; strong evidence for pigs |
BAT and thermogenic function of UCP1 in most species;
Evidence of sarcolipin-regulated muscle NST in mice and rats (in addition to UCP1/BAT);
Downregulated sarcolipin gene expression in thirteen-lined ground squirrels.
Muscle NST via SERCA found in rabbits;
Likely in piglets- increasing thermogenic capacity in piglets, while at the same time shivering is decreasing.
|
Berthon et al., 1994, 1996; de Meis, 2001a,b; de Meis et al., 2005b; Babu et al., 2007; Bal et al., 2012, 2016; Anderson, 2016; Anderson et al., 2016; Pant et al., 2016
|