Fig. 1.

Schematics of iDR-NC/neoantigen nanovaccines for synergistic tumor immunotherapy. a Concurrent RCR and RCT in the same solution generated tandem CpG and Stat3 shRNA, which were self-assembled into intertwining DNA-RNA MFs. b The above MFs were shrunk by PPT-g-PEG to form iDR-NCs, which was further loaded with tumor-specific neoantigen via hydrophobic interactions between peptide antigens and hydrophobic PPT moieties. c In immunocompetent mice, iDR-NCs/neoantigen complexes were delivered into APCs in draining LNs, elicited potent and durable neoantigen-specific T cell responses, and inhibited tumor progression