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. 2017 Nov 13;7:15463. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15451-0

Table 1.

Baseline diseases of patients in the study.

Diseases Number and percentage of patients
Nonunion 20 (47.6%)
Fresh fractureψ 11 (26.2%)
Others
Bone defect after hardware removal 2 (4.8)
Ankle arthrodesis revision 3 (7.1%)
Benign bone tumor 3 (7.1%)
Delayed union 2 (4.8)
Ankle deformity 1 (2.4%)

ψA fresh fracture was defined as a fracture that occurred no earlier than 2 weeks before the surgical treatment.