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. 2017 Nov 13;7:15428. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15832-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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5-HT, 5-Htr1a specific agonist and 5-Htr1b specific agonist inhibit prostate branching morphogenesis. (a) Photographs of representative VPs at D₀ and at D₄ of culture treated with different 5-HT concentrations. (b) Morphometric analysis of the effect of 5-HT on VPs area and (c) number of peripheral buds (n ≥ 12 VPs per group). (d) Immunofluorescence analysis of 5-Htr1a and (e) 5-Htr1b expression in the rat prostate. (f) Photographs of representative VPs at D0 and at D4 of culture treated with different 8-OH-DPAT concentrations. (g) Morphometric analysis of the effect of 8-OH-DPAT on VPs area and (h) number of peripheral buds (n ≥ 12 VPs per group). (i) Photographs of representative VPs at D0 and at D4 of culture treated with different anpirtoline concentrations. (j) Morphometric analysis of the effect of Anpirtoline on VPs area and (k) number of peripheral buds (n ≥ 12 VPs per group). Error bars indicate s.e.m. ***p < 0.001; two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. VPs, ventral prostate explants; D₀, day 0; D₄, day 4; 5-HT, serotonin.