Table 2.
Study and subject characteristics
| Study | Design | Status | N | Age range, y | Frequency per wk | Duration, wk | Sets | Reps | Training loads,% 1RM (mean ± SD) | Outcomes 1RM strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhea et al. [12] | RAN | T | 16 | 20–22 | 3 | 12 | 1/3 | 8–12 | 67–80a (73.5 ± 6.5) | Bench press/leg press |
| Ostrowski et al. [18] | RAN | T | 27 | 18–29 | 4 | 10 | 1/2/4 | 7–12 | 67–83a (75 ± 8) | Bench press/squat |
| Paulsen et al. [19] | RAN | UT | 18 | 20–30 | 3 | 6 | 1/3 | 7 | 83a | Bench press/squat |
| Marshall et al. [20] | RAN | T | 32 | Young males | 2 | 6 | 1/4/8 | 8 | 80a | Back squat |
| Baker et al. [21] | RAN | T | 16 | 18–21 | 3 | 8 | 1/3 | 6 | 85a | Bench press/shoulder press |
| Radaelli et al. [22] | RCT | UT | 48 | 23.5–25.3 | 3 | 26 | Con/1/3/5 | 8–12 | 67–80a (73.5 ± 6.5) | Bench press/lateral pull-down/shoulder press/leg press |
| Bottaro et al. [23] | RAN | UT | 24 | 19–25.4 | 2 | 12 | 1/3 | 8–12 | 67–85a (76 ± 9) | Knee extension Elbow extension |
| Reid [24] | RAN | UT | 34 | 18–35 | 3 | 8 | 1/2/3 | 3–18 | 63–93a (78 ± 21.2) | Elbow flexion/elbow extension/knee flexion/knee extension/shoulder flexion/shoulder extension |
| Sooneste et al. [25] | RAN | UT | 8 | 22.9–27.1 | 2 | 12 | 1/3 | 8 | 80 | Seated preacher curl |
| Total/mean ± SD | 223 | 23.4 (±2.18) | 2.8 (±0.32) | 11.11 (±5.7) | 3.14 (±2.63) | 8.8 (±1.6) reps | 78.2 (± 4.1) |
% 1RM percentage of one repetition maximum, 1RM one repetition maximum, Con control group N number of subjects, per wk number of days trained per week, RAN randomly assigned trial, RCT randomised controlled trial, Reps repetitions, SD standard deviation, T trained, UT untrained, wk weeks, y years
aEstimated reps at% of 1RM [42]