Table 4.
Pre- versus post-intervention strength analysis on isolation exercise
| Study | N | Age, y [range or mean ± SD] | Frequency/duration | Testing modality | Sets (reps) | Training loads | Weekly sets per exercise | Pre- vs post-intervention kg, mean ± SD | Pre- vs post-intervention% strength difference, kg (mean) | p value (pre- vs post-intervention) | ES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paulsen et al. [19] | 18 | 20–30 | 3 per wk For 6 wk |
KExt | 1 (7) | 7 RM | LWS | 125.8 ± 16.7 vs 144 ± 14.4 | 18.2 (14.5) | ≤0.01a | 1.17 |
| KExt | 3 (7) | MWS | 117.8 ± 13.5 vs 142.5 ± 8.9 | 24.7 (21.0) | ≤0.01a/≤0.05b | 2.16 | |||||
| Paulsen et al. [19] | 18 | 20–30 | 3 per wk For 6 wk |
LC | 1 (7) | 7 RM | LWS | 57.3 ± 9.6 vs 64.8 ± 7.6 | 7.5 (13.1) | ≤0.01a | 0.87 |
| LC | 3 (7) | MWS | 55.9 ± 10.3 vs 65.3 ± 13.1 | 9.4 (16.8) | ≤0.01a/≤0.05b | 0.80 | |||||
| Baker et al. [21] | 16 | 18–21 | 3 per wk For 8 wk |
BC | 1 (6) | 6 RM | LWS | 41.1 ± 5.6 vs 49.5 ± 4.9 | 8.4 (20.3) | ≤0.05 one tailedc | 1.60 |
| BC | 3 (6) | MWS | 43.0 ± 4.5 vs 51.0 ± 7.9 | 7.8 (18.6) | ≤0.05 one tailedc | 1.24 | |||||
| Bottaro et al. [23] | 24 | 22.2 ± 3.2 | 2 per wk For 12 wk |
KExt | 1 (8–12) | 8–12 RM | LWS | 24.3 ± 3.0 vs 25.3 ± 2.9 | 1.0 (4.1) | ? | 0.34 |
| KExt | 3 (8–12) | MWS | 20.9 ± 3.2 vs 23.4 ± 2.3 | 2.4 (12.0) | ≤0.05c | 0.90 | |||||
| Bottaro et al. [23] | 24 | 22.2 ± 3.2 | 2 per wk For 12 wk |
EExt | 1 (8–12) | 8–12 RM | LWS | 51.4 ± 10.9 vs 55.2 ± 10.2 | 3.8 (7.4) | ≤0.05c | 0.36 |
| EExt | 3 (8–12) | MWS | 45.6 ± 5.9 vs 48.3 ± 8.2 | 2.7 (5.9) | ≤0.05c | 0.38 | |||||
| Reid [24] | 34 | 18–35 | 3 per wk For 8 wk |
KFlex | 1 (10–12) | 3–18 RM | LWS | 34.2 ± 6.4 vs 39.7 ± 8 | 5.5 (16.1) | ≤0.05c | 0.76 |
| KFlex | 1 (15) | LWS2 | 40.4 ± 9.2 vs 42.8 ± 8.4 | 2.4 (5.9) | ? | 0.27 | |||||
| KFlex | 3 (6) | MWS | 35.2 ± 5.3 vs 40 ± 5.6 | 4.8 (13.6) | ≤0.01a | 0.88 | |||||
| Reid [24] | 34 | 18–35 | 3 per wk For 8 wk |
KExt | 1 (10–12) | 3–18 RM | LWS | 80.5 ± 15.8 vs 95.5 ± 17.8 | 15.0 (18.6) | ≤0.01a | 0.89 |
| KExt | 1 (15) | LWS2 | 86.8 ± 5.8 vs 99.7 ± 7.7 | 12.9 (14.9) | ≤0.05c | 1.89 | |||||
| KExt | 3 (6) | MWS | 90.0 ± 16.7 vs 103.6 ± 16.4 | 13.6 (15.1) | ≤0.01a | 0.82 | |||||
| Reid [24] | 34 | 18–35 | 3 per wk For 8 wk |
EFlex | 1 (10–12) | 3–18 RM | LWS | 39.3 ± 4.2 vs 43.9 ± 6.3 | 4.6 (11.7) | ≤0.01a | 0.86 |
| EFlex | 1 (15) | LWS2 | 39.2 ± 5.2 vs 47.1 ± 9.7 | 7.9 (20.2) | ≤0.05c | 1.02 | |||||
| EFlex | 3 (6) | MWS | 42 ± 5.2 vs 45.5 ± 6.9 | 3.5 (8.3) | ≤0.05c | 0.57 | |||||
| Reid [24] | 34 | 18–35 | 3 per wk For 8 wk |
EExt | 1 (10–12) | 3–18 RM | LWS | 28.5 ± 7 vs 35 ± 10.8 | 5.5 (22.8) | ≤0.01a | 0.71 |
| EExtd | 1 (15) | LWS2 | 31.4 ± 4.8 vs 44.4 ± 5.5 | 13 (41.4) | ≤0.01a | 2.52 | |||||
| EExt | 3 (6) | MWS | 33.4 ± 8.1 vs 40.3 ± 10.3 | 6.9 (20.7) | ? | 0.74 | |||||
| Reid [24] | 34 | 18–35 | 3 per wk For 8 wk |
SFlexd | 1 (10–12) | 3–18 RM | LWS | 47.3 ± 10.7 vs 58.3 ± 10.7 | 11 (23.3) | ≤0.01a | 1.03 |
| SFlex | 1 (15) | LWS2 | 48 ± 6.5 vs 55 ± 3.3 | 7 (14.6) | ≤0.05c | 1.36 | |||||
| SFlex | 3 (6) | MWS | 52.9 ± 11.9 vs 64.4 ± 9.8 | 11.5 (21.7) | ≤0.05c | 1.05 | |||||
| Reid [24] | 34 | 18–35 | 3 per wk For 8 wk |
SExt | 1 (10–12) | 3–18 RM | LWS | 48.2 ± 11.1 vs 54.8 ± 11.2 | 6.6 (13.7) | ? | 0.59 |
| SExt | 1 (15) | LWS2 | 48.8 ± 8.7 vs 54.6 ± 10.6 | 5.8 (12.0) | ? | 0.60 | |||||
| SExt | 3 (6) | MWS | 51.8 ± 9.1 vs 66.5 ± 11.1 | 14.7 (28.4) | ≤0.01e | 1.44 | |||||
| Sooneste et al. [25] | 8 | 25.0 ± 2.1 | 2 per wk For 12 wk |
SPC | 1 (8) | 8 RM | LWS | 9.1 ± 1.6 vs 10.9 ± 2.5 | 1.8 (19.8) | ≤0.05c | 0.86 |
| SPC | 3 (8) | MWS | 9.1 ± 1.6 vs 11.9 ± 2.9 | 2.8 (30.8) | ≤0.05c | 1.20 |
? Data not available, BC bicep curl, EExt elbow extension, EFlex elbow flexion, KExt knee extension, KFlex knee flexion, kg kilograms, LC leg curl, LWS low weekly sets per exercise (≤5), LWS2 low weekly sets per exercise data set two, MWS medium weekly sets per exercise (5–9), N number of subjects, per wk number of days trained per week, Reps repetitions, RM repetition maximum, SD standard deviation, SExt shoulder extension, SFlex shoulder flexion, SPC seated preacher curl, y years
aSignificant differences between groups (p ≤ 0.01)
bSignificantly greater than prior to training (p ≤ 0.05)
cStatistically significant difference compared with control group (p ≤ 0.05)
dData excluded from analysis
eSignificant differences between groups (p ≤ 0.01)