Table 1.
Metabolic phenotypes of mTORC1/2 conditionally mutated mice
| Component | Tissue | Metabolic phenotypes | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| mTOR | Systemic hypomorphic (mTORΔ/Δ mice) | Normal insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and energy expenditure | Wu et al. (2013) |
| mTOR | Skeletal muscle | Severe myopathy, increased muscle glucose uptake and glycogen accumulation, but normal glucose and insulin tolerance | Risson et al. (2009) |
| Raptor | Adipose tissue | Leanness in the face of reduced physical activity and unaffected caloric intake, protection against diet-induced obesity, improved insulin sensitivity, elevated energy expenditure due to mitochondrial uncoupling | Polak et al. (2008) |
| Raptor | Liver | Normal glucose tolerance | Lamming et al. (2012) |
| Rictor | Liver, liver-specific Rictor knockout (LiRiKO) mice | Constitutive gluconeogenesis, impaired glycolysis and lipogenesis, systemic hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypolipidemia | Hagiwara et al. (2012) |
| Rictor | Adipose tissue | Mice hyperinsulinemic, but glucose tolerant | Cybulski et al. (2009) |
| Rictor | Adipose tissue | Glucose intolerance, marked hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver and hepatic steatosis | Kumar et al. (2010) |
| Rictor | Skeletal muscle | Glucose intolerance, but increased basal glycogen synthase activity in muscle | Kumar et al. (2008) |
Mutants for which systemic metabolic phenotypes have been reported