Table 2.
Treatment effect | Treatment effect (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∆ | P a | 1 − β | ∆ | P a | 1 − β | |
LTM (kg) | ||||||
PRO | −0.21 (−0.8 to 0.3) | 0.133 | −0.6 (−2.0 to 0.9) | 0.142 | ||
PRO + EX | 0.34 (−0.2 to 0.9) | 1.0 (−0.5 to 2.5) | ||||
Upper leg LTM (kg) | ||||||
PRO | 0.04 (−0.07 to 0.01) | 0.027 | 0.606 | 1.2 (−0.2 to 2.6) | 0.017 | 0.680 |
PRO + EX | 0.13 (0.08–0.18) | 3.6 (2.3 to 5.0) | ||||
Knee extensor torque (N m) | ||||||
PRO | −1.6 (−7.3 to 4.4) | 0.007 | 0.784 | −1.3 (−7.8 to 5.9) | 0.008 | 0.766 |
PRO + EX | 10.2 (4.3–15.8) | 12.7 (5.6–19.0) | ||||
Muscle quality (N m kg−1) | ||||||
PRO | −0.8 (−2.2 to 1.0) | 0.062 | −2.4 (−8.1 to 5.1) | 0.046 | 0.520 | |
PRO + EX | 1.8 (0.0 to 3.2) | 9.0 (1.6–14.6) | ||||
900 m gait speed (m s−1)b | ||||||
PRO | −0.01 (−0.52 to.−0.04) | 0.001 | −0.4 (−2.6 to 1.8) | 0.001 | ||
PRO + EX* | 0.10 (0.05–0.22) | 3.8 (3.0–8.4) | ||||
5 Chair REP (s)b | ||||||
RO | −0.01 (−0.48 to 0.45) | 0.749 | 0.8 (−4.9 to 6.5) | 0.793 | ||
PRO + EX* | 0.01 (−0.23 to 0.60) | 0.1 (−2.8 to 6.8) | ||||
Chair REP 30 s (n)c | ||||||
PRO | −1.0 (−1.8 to −0.2) | 0.572 | −4.2 (−7.8 to −6.2) | 0.904 | ||
PRO + EX* | −0.5 (−2.0 to 0.0) | −5.3 (−10.0 to 0.0) |
LTM lean tissue mass, REP repetition, 1 − β statistical power
Data are means (95% CIs) and * medians (Bootstrap 95% CIs). Treatment effect = (value at 12 week − value at baseline)
aP values for the difference in treatment effect, PRO compared with PRO + PRT, analysed by univariate ANOVA or Kruskall Wallis Test with treatment group as a fixed factor
bPRO, n = 25, PRO + PRT, n = 26
cPRO, n = 17, PRO + PRT, n = 14