Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to the presence of microalbuminuria.
| Microalbuminuria (+) (n = 365) | Microalbuminuria (−) (n = 3020) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55 ± 9 | 52 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 125 (34.2) | 1378 (45.6) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 72 (19.7) | 351 (11.6) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking status | 61 (16.7) | 675 (22.4) | 0.069 |
| CAD | 1 (0.3) | 20 (0.7) | 0.559 |
| PAD | 0 | 12 (0.4) | 0.402 |
| Stroke | 5 (1.4) | 33 (1.1) | 0.746 |
| SBP, mmHg | 136 ± 23 | 123 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 87 ± 13 | 80 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate | 66 ± 8 | 64 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 102 (27.9) | 817 (27.1) | 0.709 |
| Triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl | 186 (51.0) | 1216 (40.3) | <0.001 |
| Low HDL | 214 (58.6) | 1696 (56.2) | 0.372 |
| Abdominal obesity | 101 (27.7) | 911 (30.2) | 0.334 |
| Hypertension | 60 (16.4) | 492 (16.3) | 0.940 |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 70 (19.2) | 341 (11.3) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.189 |
| HbA1C, % | 5.64 ± 0.4 | 5.59 ± 0.3 | 0.007 |
| Prediabetes | 181 (49.6) | 1252 (41.5) | 0.004 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.9 ± 3.3 | 24.4 ± 3.1 | 0.003 |
| Current alcohol | 146 (40) | 1345 (44.5) | 0.408 |
| Regular activity | 216 (59.2) | 1816 (60.1) | 0.735 |
| Family history of diabetes | 37 (10.1) | 294 (9.7) | 0.780 |
| Follow up duration (years) | 8.3 ± 2.8 | 8.5 ± 2.6 | 0.108 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; PAD, peripheral artery disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure.