Table 2.
Prevalence of TB among prisoners (n = 265) using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, with multivariable analysis showing its associated predictors in East Gojjam Zone, 2016.
| Variable | Response | TB status | COR [95% CI] | AOR [95% CI] | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TB positive (n = 9) | TB negative (n = 256) | |||||
| Age in years | ≤30 | 5 (1.88%) | 98 (36.9%) | 2.13 [0.56–8.12] | 0.53 [0.10–2.83] | 0.460 |
| >30 | 4 (1.50%) | 167 (63%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Marital status | Single Married |
4 (1.50%) 5 (1.88%) |
35 (13.5%) 221 (83.4%) |
1 4.9 (1.258, 19.194) |
1 1.5 [1.7–13.03] |
1 0.01∗ |
| Educational status | Illiterate | 2 (0.8%) | 100 (37.7%) | 7.63 [0.55–105.9] | 0.139 | |
| Primary, secondary, and above | 4 (1.50%) 3 (1.23%) |
126 (47.5%) 30 (11.3%) |
3.54 [0.48–25.73] | 0.212 | ||
| 1 | ||||||
| Residence before incarceration | Rural | 7 (2.64%) | 208 (78.5%) | 0.81 [0.16–4.01] | 0.46 [0.47–4.6] | 0.511 |
| Urban | 2 (0.75%) | 48 (18.1%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Length of stay in prison in months | ≤12 | 1 (0.37%) | 44 (16.6%) | 0.60 [0.073–5.0] | 0.9 [0.074–10.9] | 0.933 |
| >12 | 8 (3.01%) | 212 (80%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Number of prisoners per cell | 1–89 | 9 (3.39%) | 249 (93.9%) | — | — | 0.615 |
| >89 | 0 (0%) | 7 (26.4%) | ||||
| Ventilation status of the cells | Window closed at all times | 9 (3.39%) | 252 (95%) | — | — | 0.706 |
| Window opened sometimes | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.5%) | ||||
| Sharing cells with TB patients | Yes No |
3 (1.23%) 6 (2.26%) |
24 (9.05%) 232 (87.5%) |
4.83 [1.14–20.56] 1 |
1.62 [2.6–10.20] 1 |
0.02
∗ 1 |
| Duration of cough in weeks | 2–4 | 1 (0.37%) | 102 (38.4%) | 0.19 [0.02–1.53] | 8.31 [0.67–102.6] | 0.099 |
| >4 | 8 (3.01%) | 154 (58.1%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Time of occurrence of cough | Before imprisonment | 0 (0%) | 14 (5.2%) | — | — | 0.741 |
| After imprisonment | 9 (3.39%) | 242 (93.4%) | ||||
| TB symptoms before admission to the prison | Yes | 0 (0%) | 19 (7.1%) | — | — | 0.396 |
| No | 9 (3.39%) | 237 (89.4%) | ||||
| Cigarette smoking | Yes | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.5%) | — | — | 0.706 |
| No | 9 (3.39%) | 252 (95%) | ||||
| Nutritional status | Normal | 9 (3.39%) | 253 (95.4%) | — | — | 0.471 |
| Abnormal | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.23%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | Yes | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.5%) | — | — | 0.706 |
| No | 9 (3.39%) | 252 (95%) | ||||
| HIV status | Positive Negative |
3 (1.23%) 6 (2.26%) |
4 (1.5%) 252 (95%) |
31.5 [5.74–172.74] 1 |
0.14 [0.001–0.17] 1 |
0.001
∗ 1 |
| Previously treated TB | Yes | 0 (0%) | 22 (8.3%) | — | — | 0.358 |
| No | 9 (3.39%) | 234 (88.3%) | ||||
∗ indicates p value < 0.005.