Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the enrolled patients with Stage 3b-4 CKD in the two groups
| Characteristics | Niaoduqing particles (n = 146) | Placebo (n = 146) | Statistic value | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.2 (40.8, 60.0) | 52.0 (42.7, 60.4) | 0.069* | 0.945 |
| Male, n (%) | 83 (56.9) | 82 (56.2) | 0.014† | 0.906 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.6 | 24.5 ± 3.5 | −1.048‡ | 0.857 |
| Scr (µmol/L) | 191.6 (162.0, 223.8) | 185.0 (166.0, 226.0) | −0.083* | 0.933 |
| eGFR (ml·min−1·1.73 m−2) | 31.0 (24.0, 37.1) | 30.6 (24.6, 36.4) | 0.049* | 0.961 |
| 24-h urinary protein excretion (mg) | 1100.0 (370.0, 2130.0) | 840.0 (281.2, 1729.0) | −1.254* | 0.210 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130.0 (125.0, 134.0) | 130.0 (120.0, 135.0) | −0.471* | 0.638 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.0 (75.0, 82.0) | 80.0 (75.0, 85.0) | 0.876* | 0.381 |
| Cause of disease, n (%) | ||||
| Primary glomerular disease | 73 (50.0) | 76 (52.1) | 0.425† | 0.935 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 18 (12.3) | 16 (11.0) | ||
| Hypertensive renal injury | 14 (9.6) | 16 (11.0) | ||
| Other | 41 (28.1) | 38 (26.0) | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 100 (68.5) | 89 (61.0) | 1.815† | 0.178 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 25 (17.1) | 30 (20.5) | 0.560† | 0.454 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 18 (12.3) | 17 (11.6) | 0.032† | 0.857 |
Values are given as the mean ± SD, n (%), or median (Q1, Q3). 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa. *Wilcoxon's rank-sum test; † Chi-square test; ‡t-test. BMI: Body mass index; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; Scr: Serum creatinine; SD: Standard deviation; CKD: Chronic kidney disease.