Table 1.

Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) breakdown of key constructs [16, 21, 22]

NPT construct	Definition	Sub constructs
Coherence	The sense-making work that people do individually and collectively when they are faced with the problem of operationalizing a set of practices.	• Differentiation • Communal specification • Individual specification • Internalisation
Cognitive Participation	The relational work that people do to build and sustain a community of practice around a new technology or a complex intervention.	• Initiation • Enrolment • Legitimation • Activation
Collective Action	The operational work that people do to enact a set of practices, whether these represent a new technology or a complex healthcare intervention.	• Interactional Workability • Relational Integration • Skill set Workability • Contextual Integration
Reflexive Monitoring	The appraisal work that people do to assess and understand the ways that a new set of practices affect them and the others around them.	• Systematisation • Communal appraisal • Individual appraisal • Reconfiguration