Table 4.
Cognitive Function According to Individual Characteristics of Weight Trajectory in Fully Adjusted Models
| MMSE | 3MS | Trails B | CVLT-I | CVLT-D | Verbal Fluency |
Category Fluency |
Digit span Forward |
Digit Span Backward |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight change characteristica,b |
Meanc (95% CI) |
Meanc (95% CI) |
Meanc (95% CI) |
Meanc (95% CI) |
Meanc (95% CI) |
Meanc (95% CI) |
Meanc (95% CI) |
Meanc (95% CI) |
Meanc (95% CI) |
| Weight change baseline to year 20d | |||||||||
| No weight loss | 22.06 (21.51, 22.62) | 85.42 (84.08, 86.78) | 174.57 (161.74, 188.42) | 22.78 (22.07, 23.49) | 4.76 (4.39, 5.12) | 9.83 (9.28, 10.38) | 10.22 (9.75, 10.70) | 7.05 (6.75, 7.34) | 5.02 (4.74, 5.29) |
| Minimal weight loss | 21.77 (21.33, 22.21) | 84.89 (83.81, 85.98) | 180.89 (169.59, 192.95) | 22.42 (21.85, 23.0) | 4.96 (4.66, 5.25) | 9.89 (9.45, 10.34) | 10.12 (9.73, 10.50) | 7.11 (6.87, 7.35) | 5.14 (4.92, 5.36) |
| Moderate Weight loss | 21.51 (20.85, 21.19) | 84.37 (82.73, 86.05) | 190.27 (173.04, 209.21) | 21.31 (20.43, 22.19) | 4.28 (3.84, 4.73) | 9.18 (8.49, 9.86) | 9.83 (9.24, 10.42) | 7.24 (6.88, 7.61) | 5.13 (4.79, 5.47) |
| Adjusted P value for trend | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.09 | 0.002 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.55 |
| Slope of weight change baseline to year 20e | |||||||||
| Positive slope | 22.07 (21.54, 22.62) | 85.55 (84.23, 86.89) | 174.55 (161.96, 188.13) | 22.85 (22.15, 23.55) | 4.83 (4.48, 5.19) | 10.0 (9.46, 10.54) | 10.12 (9.65, 10.59) | 7.02 (6.74, 7.31) | 5.10 (4.83, 5.37) |
| Minimal negative slope | 21.78 (21.33, 22.23) | 84.81 (83.71, 85.91) | 182.64 (171.10, 194.95) | 22.43 (21.85, 23.01) | 4.93 (4.63, 5.23) | 9.81 (9.36, 10.26) | 10.14 (9.75, 10.53) | 7.11 (6.87, 7.35) | 5.10 (4.88, 5.33) |
| Moderate negative slope | 21.45 (20.79, 22.12) | 84.44 (82.81, 86.10) | 185.38 (168.60, 203.83) | 21.23 (20.35, 22.10) | 4.31 (3.87, 4.76) | 9.27 (8.59, 9.95) | 9.95 (9.36, 10.54) | 7.28 (6.92, 7.65) | 5.14 (4.80, 5.47) |
| Adjusted P value for trend | 0.09 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.59 | 0.19 | 0.85 |
| Abrupt weight declinef | |||||||||
| No | 21.74 (21.32, 22.17) | 84.77 (83.72, 85.84) | 181.46 (170.29, 193.37) | 22.31 (21.74, 22.87) | 4.75 (4.46, 5.04) | 9.76 (9.33, 10.20) | 9.98 (9.60, 10.35) | 7.16 (6.93, 7.39) | 5.14 (4.92, 5.36) |
| Yes | 21.95 (21.42, 22.49) | 85.35 (84.05, 86.67) | 179.55 (166.94, 193.12) | 22.44 (21.75, 23.13) | 4.92 (4.57, 5.27) | 9.80 (9.27, 10.33) | 10.40 (9.94, 10.86) | 7.01 (6.73, 7.30) | 5.04 (4.77, 5.30) |
| Adjusted P value for trend | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.75 | 0.67 | 0.31 | 0.88 | 0.05 | 0.26 | 0.41 |
| Weight variability (RMSPE) quartileg | |||||||||
| Q1 | 21.92 (21.37, 22.47) | 85.46 (84.12, 86.83) | 173.47 (160.64, 187.33) | 22.38 (21.66, 23.10) | 4.94 (4.57, 5.31) | 10.01 (9.45, 10.56) | 10.48 (10.01, 10.96) | 7.04 (6.75, 7.34) | 4.96 (4.69, 5.24) |
| Q2 | 21.93 (21.37, 22.51) | 85.46 (84.07, 86.87) | 182.87 (168.89, 198.00) | 22.54 (21.79, 23.28) | 4.76 (4.39, 5.14) | 10.11 (9.54, 10.68) | 10.23 (9.74, 10.73) | 7.26 (6.96, 7.57) | 5.28 (5.0, 5.57) |
| Q3 | 21.89 (21.36, 22.44) | 84.86 (83.55, 86.20) | 178.93 (165.75, 193.16) | 22.39 (21.68, 23.09) | 4.80 (4.44, 5.16) | 9.60 (9.06, 10.14) | 9.72 (9.25, 10.18) | 6.98 (6.69, 7.27) | 5.01 (4.75, 5.28) |
| Q4 | 21.47 (20.93, 22.03) | 84.07 (82.72, 85.44) | 189.32 (174.94, 204.89) | 22.10 (21.37, 22.83) | 4.70 (4.33, 5.08) | 9.44 (8.87, 10.0) | 10.04 (9.55, 10.53) | 7.22 (6.92, 7.52) | 5.22 (4.94, 5.50) |
| Adjusted P value for trend | 0.17 | .05 | 0.07 | 0.44 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.64 | 0.31 |
Each model includes the single weight measure of interest and the non-weight covariates of age, education, clinic, depression, and walking speed (quartiles).
Sample size for analyses varied based on completion of cognitive tests and covariate assessment: MMSE (n=1267), 3MS (n=1267), Trails B (n=1035), CVLT – Immediate recall (n=1246), CVLT – Delayed recall (n=1246), Verbal fluency (n=1246), Category fluency (n=1246), Digit span – forward (n=1259), Digit span – backward (n=1254)
Means are adjusted.
Categories are relative to population change SD (8.99 kg); no weight loss signifies weight change >=0; minimal weight loss indicates weight change was <=1 SD but >0; moderate weight loss indicates weight change was >1 SD.
Categories are relative to overall population slope (0.44 kg per year decrease in weight); positive slope (slope >=0) indicates weight gain; minimal negative slope indicates rate of weight loss the same as or slightly greater (within 1 SD) than the population rate (1 SD <= slope <0); moderate negative slope indicates rate of weight loss greater than the SD for the population rate (slope <1 SD).
Presence of an unrecovered abrupt decline in weight determined from whether the weight trajectory fit a quadratic equation with a relative maximum and weight loss continued to the end of the weight trajectory (yes/no).
Variability of weight calculated using the root mean square percentage error (RMSPE) of the estimated linear and quadratic weight curves for each woman.