Table 2. Genes involved in ferroptosis.
Numerous genes have been found to regulate ferroptosis or to serve as markers of ferroptosis.
| Gene | Name | Function |
|---|---|---|
| ACSL4 | Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 4 | Converts free fatty acids into fatty CoA ester, required for ferroptosis |
| AKR1C1-3 | Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C1 | Involved in eliminating end products of lipid peroxidation |
| ALOXs | Lipoxygenases | Involved in peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ferroptosis contexts |
| ATP5G3 | ATP synthase, H+transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex subunitC3(subunit9) | Knockdown suppresses erastin-induced ferroptosis |
| CARS | Cysteinyl tRNA synthetase | Knockdown causes increased transsulfuration pathway activity, and resistance to ferroptosis induced by system xc- inhibitors |
| CBS | Cystathionine beta synthase | Marker of transsulfuration pathway activity |
| CD44v | CD44 molecule | Stabilizes system xc- expression |
| CHAC1 | ChaC Glutathione Specific Gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase 1 | Induced by system xc-inhibitors |
| CISD1 | CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 | Regulates mitochondrial iron abundance |
| CS | Citrate synthase | Knockdown suppresses erastin-induced ferroptosis |
| DPP4 | Dipeptidyl-dippeptidase-4 | Promotes lipid peroxidation through NOXs |
| FANCD2 | Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 | Suppresses ferroptosis |
| GCLC/GCLM | Glutamate-cysteine ligase | Biosynthesis of glutathione |
| GLS2 | Glutaminase 2 | Required for glutaminolysis and ferroptosis |
| GPX4 | Glutathione peroxidase 4 | Reduces membrane phospholipid hydroperoxides to suppress ferroptosis |
| GSS | Glutathione synthetase | Biosynthesis of glutathione |
| HMGCR | 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase | Catalyzes rate-limiting step in mevalonate-derived terpene biosynthesis, including CoQ10 |
| HSPB1/5 | Heat shock protein beta 1/5 | Regulates iron uptake an GPX4 abundance |
| KOD | Kiss of death | Induced during ferroptosis in response to heat stress in Arabidopsis |
| LPCAT3 | Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 | Involved in biosynthesis of phospholipids, required for ferroptosis |
| MT1G | Metallothionein-1G | Metal-binding protein |
| NCOA4 | Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4 | Involved in ferritinophagy and control of free iron abundance; promotes ferroptosis |
| NFE2L2 | Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 | Encodes NRF2, a master regulator of anti-oxidant responses that drives resistance to ferroptosis |
| PTGS2 | Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 | Induced by GPX4 inhibitors |
| RPL8 | Ribosomal protein L8 | Knockdown suppresses erastin-induced ferroptosis |
| SAT1 | Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase 1 | Promotes lipid peroxidation, possibly through lipoxygeneses |
| SLC7A11 | Solute carrier family 7 member 11 | Encodes a component of system xc-, requires for cystine import; also induced in response to system xc- inhibitors |
| SQS | Squalene synthase | Involved in biosynthesis of mevalonate-derived terpenes; impacts coQ10 synthesis |
| TFRC | Transferrin receptor | Imports iron into cells; promotes ferroptosis |
| TP53 | Tumor protein 53 | Represses SLC7A11 to promote ferroptosis as a tumor suppression mechanism |
| TTC35/EMC2 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 2 | Knockdown suppresses erastin-induced ferroptosis |