Table 4.
Changes in Information Processing Style
| Variable (min, max possible score) |
Baseline | Post-CBT | 3 Month Follow-up |
Analysis (pre to post) |
Effect size§ | Analysis (pre to follow-up) |
Effect size§ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F | df | p | F | df | p | |||
| DACOBS Total (42, 294) ‡ e | 155.67 | 33.61 | 111.00 | 41.25 | 104.60 | 47.19 | 44.54 | 6 | <0.001 | 1.19 | 4.76 | 3.74 | 0.099 | 1.25 |
| DACOBS Jump (6, 42) ‡ | 22.83 | 4.17 | 20.67 | 6.13 | 17.60 | 9.40 | 0.84 | 6 | 0.394 | 0.41 | 1.64 | 4.91 | 0.258 | 0.72 |
| DACOBS CogInfx(6, 42) ‡ e | 18.67 | 5.09 | 14.17 | 6.76 | 12.20 | 4.09 | 16.02 | 6 | 0.007 | 0.75 | 10.75 | 3.69 | 0.034 | 1.40 |
| DACOBS Attn (6, 42) ‡ | 23.00 | 10.52 | 18.00 | 6.68 | 17.60 | 9.40 | 2.20 | 6 | 0.189 | 0.57 | 0.16 | 4.99 | 0.709 | 0.54 |
| DACOBS ExtAtt (6, 42) ‡ e | 20.67 | 6.77 | 16.17 | 6.91 | 17.60 | 9.13 | 132.55 | 6 | <0.001 | 0.66 | 1.23 | 5.41 | 0.314 | 0.38 |
| DACOBS SocCog (6, 42) ‡ e | 26.00 | 4.73 | 14.67 | 6.25 | 16.60 | 9.66 | 34.17 | 6 | 0.001 | 2.04 | 1.28 | 5.00 | 0.309 | 1.24 |
| DACOBS Safe (6, 42) ‡ e | 19.17 | 9.68 | 14.67 | 8.38 | 14.40 | 11.17 | 1.22 | 6 | 0.312 | 0.50 | 0.97 | 4.24 | 0.377 | 0.56 |
| DACOBS SubCog (6, 42) ‡ e | 23.50 | 8.22 | 12.67 | 7.34 | 8.60 | 2.97 | 58.91 | 6 | <0.001 | 1.39 | 35.32 | 5.93 | 0.001 | 2.41 |
| Beads Task 85/15 † | 7.00 | 4.52 | 8.67 | 5.54 | 0.66 | 6 | 0.447 | 0.33 | ||||||
| Beads Task 60/40† e | 8.83 | 3.97 | 13.00 | 5.14 | 5.01 | 6 | 0.067 | 0.91 | ||||||
| Beads Task Salient † | 9.17 | 6.21 | 9.50 | 6.06 | 0.03 | 6 | 0.865 | 0.05 | ||||||
†
Increase in scores is improvement.
‡
Decrease in scores is improvement.
§
Cohen’s d = (Mpre-Mpost)/s.
Attn, attention to threat bias; BEADS, a task used to measure a ‘jump-to-conclusions’ reasoning bias or making decisions on the basis of limited evidence; CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; CogInfx, cognitive inflexibility bias; DACOBS, Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases; df, degrees of freedom; e, high or very high levels at baseline, compared with normal population; ExtAtt, external attribution bias; F, F-test; Jump, jumping to conclusions bias; P, P-value; Safe, safety behaviours; SD, standard deviation; SocCog, social cognition problems; SubCog, subjective cognitive problems.