Table 5.
Changes in Adolescent’s Functioning and Family Communication
| Variable (min, max possible score) |
Baseline | Post-CBT | 3 Month follow-up |
Analysis (pre to post) |
Effect size‡ | Analysis (pre to follow-up) |
Effect size‡ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F | df | p | F | df | p | |||
| Adolescents | ||||||||||||||
| GFR (1, 10) † | 6.33 | 2.25 | 7.17 | 1.60 | 8.00 | 0.71 | 5.17 | 6 | 0.063 | 0.43 | 5.17 | 2.02 | 0.150 | 1.00 |
| GFS (1, 10) † | 5.50 | 2.35 | 7.17 | 1.47 | 7.60 | 1.34 | 7.50 | 6 | 0.034 | 0.85 | 7.20 | 4.21 | 0.052 | 1.10 |
| SFS Family Total (0, 223) † | 106.00 | 21.06 | 125.00 | 15.62 | 133.00 | 9.83 | 5.81 | 5 | 0.061 | 1.02 | 6.29 | 2.50 | 0.104 | 1.65 |
| SFS Social (0, 15) † | 9.80 | 2.39 | 10.80 | 1.30 | 12.00 | 2.16 | 0.96 | 5 | 0.372 | 0.52 | 12.40 | 4.36 | 0.021 | 0.96 |
| SFS Independence (0, 39) † | 22.60 | 7.16 | 26.40 | 3.78 | 30.25 | 0.50 | 1.61 | 5 | 0.261 | 0.66 | 7.57 | 4.99 | 0.040 | 1.51 |
| Family Members | ||||||||||||||
| ES-F ( −15,15 ) † | 9.60 | 5.03 | 13.50 | 2.81 | 12.40 | 2.88 | 4.21 | 5 | 0.090 | 0.96 | 7.03 | 4.55 | 0.050 | 0.68 |
| CBTFS-S Emot. Expression | 2.00 | 1.58 | 3.40 | 1.14 | 2.75 | 1.71 | 9.42 | 5 | 0.028 | 1.02 | 2.34 | 4 | 0.197 | 0.46 |
| CBTFS-S Collect. Evidence | 1.20 | 0.84 | 2.40 | 1.34 | 1.50 | 1.29 | 12.86 | 5 | 0.016 | 1.07 | 1.33 | 4 | 0.312 | 0.28 |
| CBTFS-S Elicit Alternative | 2.00 | 1.00 | 3.60 | 1.14 | 3.50 | 1.29 | 53.33 | 5 | 0.001 | 1.49 | 71.88 | 4 | 0.001 | 1.30 |
| CBTFS-S Offer Alternative | 2.20 | 1.10 | 3.60 | 1.14 | 3.25 | 1.50 | 40.83 | 5 | 0.001 | 1.25 | 39.08 | 4 | 0.002 | 0.80 |
| CBTFS-S Planning Future | 1.20 | 1.10 | 2.60 | 1.14 | 2.00 | 1.83 | 54.47 | 5 | 0.001 | 1.25 | 1.26 | 4 | 0.323 | 0.53 |
| CBTFS-S Empathic Respond | 2.40 | 0.89 | 3.40 | 0.55 | 2.75 | 0.96 | 12.50 | 5 | 0.017 | 1.35 | 1.00 | 4 | 0.338 | 0.38 |
| CBTFS-S Interpersonal | 2.60 | 1.14 | 3.80 | 1.10 | 3.00 | 1.41 | 45.00 | 5 | 0.001 | 1.07 | 1.26 | 4 | 0.323 | 0.31 |
†
Increase in scores is improvement.
‡
Cohen’s d = (Mpre-Mpost)/s.
CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; CBTSF-S, CBT Skills for Families Scale; Collect. Evidence, collecting evidence for beliefs; df, degrees of freedom; Emot. Expression, encouraging emotional expression; Empathic Respond, empathically respond; Encourage Alternative, encourage alternative explanation; ES-F, Empathy Scale Family; GFR, Global Functioning Role; GFS, Global Functioning Social; Interpersonal, Interpersonal Effectiveness; Offer Alternative, offer alternative explanation; P, P-value; Planning Future, planning to prevent future reoccurrence; SD, standard deviation F, F-test; SFS, Social Functioning Scale.