Table 4.
Estimates (γ) and Standard Errors (SE) from Multi-Level Models Predicting Fathers’ Reported Conflict with Youth, N = (740)
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| γ | SE | γ | SE | |
| Intercept | 2.09*** | .04 | 2.11*** | .04 |
| Father-youth conflict (T-1) | −.34*** | .03 | −.34*** | .03 |
| Age | −.10*** | .01 | −.10*** | .01 |
| Birth order | −.13*** | .04 | −.17*** | .04 |
| Gender (female = 0, male =1) | .10** | .03 | .10** | .03 |
| Sibling gender constellation | .06 | .05 | .06 | .05 |
| Sibship size | .06 | .03 | .05 | .03 |
| Differential affection (PDA; T-1) | .00 | .01 | .02 | .02 |
| Differential discipline (PDD; T-1) | −.04** | .01 | −.01 | .01 |
| Father-youth discrepancy in differential affection (DDA; T-1) | .00 | .02 | .01 | .03 |
| Father-youth discrepancy in differential discipline (DDD; T-1) | .03 | .02 | .04 | .02 |
| Birth order X PDA | −.07* | .03 | ||
| Birth order X PDD | −.08*** | .02 | ||
| Birth order X DDA | −.03 | .03 | ||
| Birth order X DDD | −.02 | .03 | ||
| PDA X DDA | −.02 | .02 | ||
| PDD X DDD | .02 | .02 | ||
*
p < .05.
**
p .01.
***
p < .001.
NOTE: T-1 signifies predictor variables measured in the year prior to the dependent variable. Controls that were not significant in any model were excluded from the tables: sibling age spacing and parents’ education. Two three-way interactions, birth order X PDA X DDA, and birth order X PDD X DDD, were tested in an additional step, but were not significant, and so they are omitted from this table.