| 250 metastatic solid tumour patients including 104 lung cancers, 77 breast cancers, 42 gastrointestinal tract neoplasms, 27 head and neck cancers |
The percentage of 1-year survival was calculated in metastatic solid tumour patients that were randomised to be treated with chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus melatonin |
The 1-year survival rate and the objective tumour regression rate in patients concomitantly treated with MLT were significantly higher than in those who received chemotherapy (CT) alone |
Lissoni P, et al. [101] |
| Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, SCC-9 and SCC-25 |
In vitro studies of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines treated with melatonin |
Melatonin inhibits expression of molecular markers of angiogenesis, VEGF and HIF-1 in SCC-9 cell line. |
Goncalves Ndo N, et al. [140] |
| Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, HSC-3 and OECM-1 |
In vitro studies of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines treated with melatonin |
Melatonin affect the motility of HSC-3 and OECM-1 cells in vitro throughtargeting the ERK pathways to mediate histone acetylation and then inhibit MMP-9 transcription |
Yeh CM, et al. [131] |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines, HONE- 1, NPC- 39, and NPC- BM |
In vitro studies of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines treated with melatonin |
Melatonin suppresses the motility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines in vitro via inhibiting SP- 1- DNA binding ability to regulate MMP- 9 gene expression |
Ho HY, et al. [132] |
| 618 patients with oral cancer and 560 non-cancer controls |
MTNR1A polymorphism was measured in genomic DNA samples extracted from blood samples |
Oral cancer patients with the T/T allele of MTNR1A gene variants with betel nut chewing habit have a high correlation to develop a higher risk for late clinical staging and lymph node metastasis |
Lin FY, et al. [163] |
