Figure 10. Clinical relevance of the VNS neural fulcrum.

The chronotropic response surface is replotted from Fig. 2 C, but with the addition of specific points operationally used in three recent clinical trials for HFrEF: NECTAR‐HF (Zannad et al. 2015), INOVATE‐HF (Gold et al. 2016) and ANTHEM‐HF (Premchand et al. 2014, 2016). Yellow‐shaded region on response surface is approximately the neural fulcrum.