Table 4.
Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes
| Age | |
| Median, yr | 65.3 (20-100) |
| Sex | |
| Male/Female | 638 (63)/374 (37) |
| Findings at endoscopy | |
| Gastric ulcers | 496 (49) |
| Duodenal ulcers | 476 (47) |
| Gastric and duodenal ulcers | 24 (2.4) |
| Ulcer on gastro-enteric anastomosis | 16 (1.6) |
| High-risk ulcers (Forrest Ia-IIb) | 526 (52) |
| Forrest Ia | 61 (6) |
| Forrest Ib | 111 (11) |
| Forrest IIa | 212 (21) |
| Forrest IIb | 142 (14) |
| Low- risk ulcers (Forrest IIc-III) | 486 (48) |
| Forrest IIc | 172 (17) |
| Forrest III | 314 (31) |
| Hemodynamic shock | 111 (11) |
| Comorbidity | |
| Ischemic and valvular heart disease | 213 (21.5) |
| Liver disease | 172 (17) |
| Renal failure | 111 (11) |
| Any malignancy | 131 (12.9) |
| Comorbidity (ASA class) | |
| ASA I | 142 (14) |
| ASA II | 283 (28) |
| ASA III-IV | 587 (58) |
| H. pylori | |
| Tested | 760 (75.1) |
| H. pylori-positive | 324 (42.6) |
| Drugs | |
| Without previous therapy | 433 (42.8) |
| NSAIDs | 284 (28.1) |
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 203 (20) |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 31 (3.1) |
| Anticoagulant therapy | 41 (4) |
| NOAC | 20 (2) |
| Treatment | |
| Endoscopic therapy | 587 (58) |
| Epinephrine | 213 (36.3) |
| Hemoclips | 156 (26.6) |
| Hemoclips + epinephrine | 180 (30.7) |
| Thermocoagulation | 26 (4.4) |
| Thermocoagulation + epinephrine | 12 (2) |
| Repeated endoscopic therapy | 71 (7) |
| Blood transfusion required | 496 (49) |
| Red blood cell | 406 (40.1) |
| Median (range), unit | 2.5 (1-16) |
| Fresh frozen plasma | 81 (8) |
| Median (range), unit | 2 (1-6) |
| Platelet | 9 (0.9) |
| Median (range), unit | 6 (4-8) |
| Whole blood | 0 (0) |
| Surgery | 55 (5.4) |
| Outcome | |
| Rebleeding | 95 (9.4) |
| Rebleeding (anticoag. and NOAC) | 9 (14.8) |
| 30-d mortality | 53 (5.2) |
| Median hospital stay, d | 6 (0-45) |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean (range). ASA: American society of anesthesiology; NOAC: New(er) oral anticoagulant; NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.