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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017 Jul 5;154(6):2054–2059.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.06.051

TABLE 1.

Demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic data between preterm neonates with low versus high vasoactive inotropic score after patent ductus arteriosus ligation

Data VIS <20 (n = 91) VIS ≥20 (n = 10) P value
Age (d)   28 (19, 49)   24 (19, 35) .43
Male, n (%)   39 (43%)     4 (40%) 1.00
Weight (kg) 1.1 (0.83, 1.62) 0.88 (0.76, 3.10) .52
Height (cm)   36 (32, 41) 33.5 (29, 36) .17
BSA (m2) 0.11 (0.09, 0.14) 0.09 (0.07, 0.17) .46
Hospital LOS (d) 78.5 (19, 126) 103.5 (61, 130) .41
Postoperative LOS (d)   56 (13, 99) 75.5 (35, 119) .33
Gestational age (wk)   25 (24, 27.5)   25 (23.8, 27.5) .80
SBP (mm Hg)       68 ± 15       58 ± 17 .07
DBP (mm Hg)   33 (25, 42)   36 (23, 39) .85
PDA:LPA 0.7 (0.55, 0.98) 0.82 (0.58, 0.99) .62
LS (%) −18.0 (−23.0, −14.5) −20.8 (−25.3, −15.2) .52
LSR (1/s) −2.1 (−2.7, −1.5) −2.1 (−2.8, −1.9) .57
CS (%) −15.4 (−19.5, −11.8) −17.4 (−18.8, −15.8) .20
CSR (1/s) −1.8 (−2.2, −1.4) −2.0 (−2.2, −1.7) .32
PDA gradient (mm Hg)   20 (10, 33)   18 (13, 34) .73
LVIDd (cm) 1.7 (1.3, 2.0) 1.3 (1.3, 1.7) .09
FS % 0.41 (0.35, 0.44) 0.39 (0.36, 0.49) .95
EDV (mL) 4.3 (2.8, 6.6) 2.7 (2.5, 4.6) .11
EF %     0.60 ± 0.09     0.64 ± 0.05 .20
Ees (mm Hg/mL/m2)   3.6 (2.7, 5.1)   3.8 (2.9, 8.9) .70
Ea (mm Hg/mL/m2)   2.5 (1.9, 3.2)   2.3 (1.6, 4.2) .76
Ea:Ees     0.69 ± 0.27     0.57 ± 0.13 .03
Creatinine change (mg/dL) 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) 0.3 (0.2, 0.3) <.01
Time to first extubation (d)  12 (5, 26)    6 (4, 41) .85
UOP first 24 h (mL/kg/h) 3.7 (2.4, 5.7) 1.3 (0.4, 4.2) .10

Data reported as a mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). VIS, Vasoactive inotropic score; BSA, body surface area; LOS, length of stay; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; LPA, left pulmonary artery; LS, longitudinal strain; LSR, longitudinal strain rate; CS, circumferential strain; CSR, circumferential strain rate; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diameter in diastole; FS, fractional shortening; EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; Ees, end-systolic elastance; Ea, arterial elastance; UOP, urine output.