Table 3.
| Study | Year | Study type (Sample origin) | Demographics (AA cases)† | Sample Size Total (Detail) | Measures and outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper | |||||
| Dastgheib et al.[57] | 2014 | Case-control (Not described) | Sex: 16F Age: 26.63 ± 8.53 Country: Iran |
43 (16 AA female patients and 27 healthy age- matched women) | No difference in serum or hair levels of copper in AA vs. healthy controls |
| Amirnia et al.[56] | 2013 | Case-control (Hospital- based) | Sex: 3M/24F Age: 66.27 ± 9.90 Country: Iran |
54 (27 AA cases and 27 healthy controls) | Serum copper levels in AA (79.03 ± 28.22 μg/dL) vs. controls (96.77 ± 6.48 μg/dL) (P = 0.002); Hair copper levels in AA (7.91 ± 2.72 μg/dL) vs. controls (10.34 ± 2.3 μg/dL) (P = 0.001) Similar differences seen between androgenic alopecia and healthy controls |
| Kil et al.[54] | 2013 | Case-control (Hospital- based) | Sex: 44M/50F Age: 37.13 ± 14.86 Country: Korea |
126 (94 AA cases and 32 healthy controls) | No difference in serum levels of copper in AA vs. controls |
| Bhat et al.[55] | 2009 | Case-control (Hospital- based) | Sex: 34M/16F Age: 27.3 Country: India |
100 (50 AA cases and 50 healthy sex- and age- matched controls recruited from among hospital employees or individuals accompanying patients, with no skin or systemic disease) | No difference in serum levels of copper in AA vs. controls |
| Mussalo- Rauhamaa et al.[58] | 1986 | Case-control (Not described) | Sex: 8M/19F Age: 29 ± 11 Country: Finland |
27 AA cases compared to normal Finnish population reference values | No difference in serum levels of copper in AA vs. controls; difference in serum copper levels in AA vs. AT and AU (P = 0.02) |
| Magnesium | |||||
| Bhat et al.[55] | 2009 | Case-control (Hospital- based) | Sex: 34M/16F Age: 27.3 Country: India |
100 (50 AA cases and 50 healthy sex- and age- matched controls recruited from among hospital employees or individuals accompanying patients, with no skin or systemic disease) | No difference in serum magnesium levels in AA vs. control |
| Mussalo- Rauhamaa et al.[58] | 1986 | Case-control (Not described) | Sex: 8M/19F Age: 29 ± 11 Country: Finland |
27 AA cases compared to normal Finnish population reference values | No difference in serum magnesium levels in AA vs. control |
| Selenium | |||||
| Feizy et al.[65] | 2008 | Case-control (Hospital- based) | Sex: 15M/14F Age: 24.9 ± 10.5 Country: Iran |
58 (29 AA cases and 29 sex-, age- and place of residence-matched healthy volunteers) | Serum selenium levels in AA (62.1 ± 13.3 μg/L versus controls (88.3 ± 13.2 μg/L) (P < 0.0005) No association between extent of AA (SALT scores) and serum selenium levels |
| Mussalo- Rauhamaa et al.[58] | 1986 | Case-control (Not described) | Sex: 8M/19F Age: 29 ± 11 Country: Finland |
27 AA cases compared to normal Finnish population reference values | No difference in serum selenium levels in AA vs. control |
AA alopecia areata, AT alopecia totalis, AU alopecia universalis, SALT severity of alopecia tool
†
Age given as mean ± standard deviation