Table 3.
Amino acid profile of FPH preparation from tilapia whole waste is compared with other feed ingredients used in aquaculture
| Amino acids | FPH-0* | FPH-1* | FPH-2* | Fishmeal† | Soybean meal† | Human requirement (adult) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Essential (g/kg) | ||||||
| Arginine | 42.25 ± 0.33# | 41.11 ± 0.34# | 41.66 ± 0.32# | 37.8 | 30.5 | – |
| Histidine | 19.23 ± 0.34c | 17.20 ± 0.23b | 15.57 ± 0.02a | 14.0 | 12.5 | 16 |
| Methionine | 10.87 ± 0.18a | 12.58 ± 0.31b | 12.41 ± 0.09b | 18.0 | 4.7 | 17 |
| Isoleucine | 14.10 ± 0.14# | 15.05 ± 0.07# | 15.33 ± 0.33# | 21.5 | 17.5 | 13 |
| Lysine | 26.54 ± 0.25c | 25.11 ± 0.12b | 23.01 ± 0.01a | 39.8 | 25.7 | 16 |
| Leucine | 36.84 ± 0.11a | 46.43 ± 0.98b | 47.82 ± 0.75c | 37.7 | 29.1 | 19 |
| Phenylalanine | 15.89 ± 0.36# | 14.83 ± 0.33# | 14.86 ± 0.45# | 18.1 | 19.1 | – |
| Threonine | 21.51 ± 0.24a | 23.90 ± 0.05c | 22.94 ± 0.08b | 19.9 | 15.1 | 9 |
| Valine | 26.51 ± 0.21# | 27.75 ± 0.31# | 27.36 ± 0.11# | 25.9 | 19.0 | 13 |
| Tryptophan | NA | NA | NA | 3.9 | 8.0 | – |
| Non essential (g/kg) | ||||||
| Tyrosine | 10.61 ± 0.35# | 8.95 ± 0.32# | 6.31 ± 0.61# | – | – | |
| Aspartic acid | 60.27 ± 0.37a | 73.39 ± 0.31b | 76.04 ± 0.61c | – | – | |
| Glutamic acid | 98.00 ± 0.55a | 139.14 ± 1.32b | 145.88 ± 0.39c | – | – | |
| Glycine | 122.84 ± 0.33a | 149.33 ± 0.33b | 153.74 ± 0.31c | – | – | |
| Alanine | 78.71 ± 0.81a | 115.63 ± 0.34b | 118.71 ± 0.35c | – | – | |
| Proline | 41.56 ± 0.32a | 41.86 ± 0.41a | 44.64 ± 0.33b | – | – | |
| Cysteine | 0.95 ± 0.02a | 3.85 ± 0.38b | 1.46 ± 0.32a | – | – | |
| Serine | 26.46 ± 0.19a | 32.35 ± 0.25c | 30.55 ± 0.22b | – | – | |
| TEAA | 213.74 ± 2.93# | 223.95 ± 2.72# | 220.95 ± 3.12# | – | – | – |
| TAA | 653.13 ± 4.85a | 788.46 ± 5.42b | 798.27 ± 1.50b | – | – | |
| THBAA | 355.68 ± 2.71a | 428.08 ± 2.66b | 438.01 ± 2.98c | – | – | |
| THBAA/TAA | 54.46 ± 0.03# | 54.29 ± 0.04# | 54.87 ± 0.23# | – | – | |
| TEAA/TAA | 32.72 ± 0.21b | 28.40 ± 0.15a | 27.68 ± 0.29a | – | – | |
Values of the present investigation are expressed in mean (n = 3)
NA Not analysed
#Not significant
*Present work data
†Data retrieved from Halver (1995)
Different superscript (a, b, c) in the row indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among the FPH samples. Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 3)